ReviewAutism : the international journal of research and practice2020
Continuing to look in the mirror: A review of neuroscientific evidence for the broken mirror hypothesis, EP-M model and STORM model of autism spectrum conditions.
Review in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mirror mechanism in schizophrenia: A systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Attention to Social and Non-Social Stimuli in a Continuous Performance Test in Autistic and Typically Developed Participants: An ERP Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Is There a Core Deficit in Autism Spectrum Disorder? An Analysis of CPEP-3 Assessment Data from 543 Children With Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- iTBS Stimulation of the Bilateral IFG/IPL Alters the Oscillatory Pattern in ASD.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- A reverse hierarchy theory of social perception.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- A cross-cultural examination of bi-directional mentalising in autistic and non-autistic adults.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Camera Movement Impacts on Mu-Wave Activity During Action Observation in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders Without Intellectual Disabilities.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Children with autistic spectrum disorder can imagine actions- what can this reveal about the Broken Mirror Hypothesis?Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Treatment on ASD Symptoms in Children: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring social stages of play through eye to I© intervention model.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2024Article
- Postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome is an acquired autism-like network disturbance.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Autism and Religion.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Unique deficit in embodied simulation in autism: An fMRI study comparing autism and developmental coordination disorder.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
lay abstractThe mirror neuron system has been argued to be a key brain system responsible for understanding the actions of others and for imitation. It has therefore been proposed that problems within this system could explain the social difficulties experienced by people with autism spectrum condition. This idea is referred to as the broken mirror hypothesis. However, research has produced insufficient evidence to support the broken mirror hypothesis in its original form. Therefore, two other models have been suggested: EP-M model and the social top-down response modulation (STORM) model. All models suggest something is different regarding the mirror neuron system in autism spectrum condition: either within the mirror neuron system itself or within the systems that control the activity of the mirror neuron system. This literature review compares these three models in regard to recent neuroscientific investigations. This review concludes that there is insufficient support for both the broken mirror hypothesis, but converging evidence supports an integrated EP-M and STORM model.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.