ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Symptoms, Infection Duration, and Hemagglutinin Inhibition Antibody Response in Influenza A Infections.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sero-epidemiological studies of pathogen burden: A scoping review.Wellcome open research · 2026Pooled it
- Advances in protein subunit vaccines against H1N1/09 influenza.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Impact of Technological Developments on Infectious Disease Epidemiology: Lessons From the First 100 Years of the American Journal of Epidemiology.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Clinical Spectrum of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Protection From Symptomatic Reinfection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination.Nature medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany influenza studies assume that symptomatic and asymptomatic cases have equivalent antibody responses.
methodsThis study examines the relationship between influenza symptoms and serological response. Influenza-positive index cases and household members in Managua, Nicaragua, during 2012-2017 were categorized by symptom status.
resultsAntibody response was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI). Among 510 cases, 74.5% had ≥4-fold increase in HAI antibodies, and 75.3% had febrile illness. In a logistic regression model, febrile cases had 2.17 times higher odds of a ≥4-fold titer rise compared to asymptomatic cases (95% confidence interval, 1.02-4.64).
conclusionsStudies relying on serological assays may not generalize to asymptomatic infections.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.