Trial reportThe American journal of sports medicine2020
Shoulder-Pacemaker Treatment Concept for Posterior Positional Functional Shoulder Instability: A Prospective Clinical Trial.
Trial report in The American journal of sports medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06459258 (Throwing Velocity and Patient Reported Outcomes in Elite Level Handball Players After Completion of Shoulder-Pacemaker Strength Training), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Throwing Velocity and Patient Reported Outcomes in Elite Level Handball Players After Completion of Shoulder-Pacemaker Strength Training
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation-Enhanced Physical Therapist Intervention for Functional Posterior Shoulder Instability (Type B1): A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Physical therapy · 2024Trial
- Determination of inter-individual differences in humeral head centre translations in subjects with healthy shoulders.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- [Functional posterior shoulder instability: which treatment options work?]Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- [Posterior shoulder instability : Epidemiology, examination, and diagnostics].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Long-term follow-up of functional electromyostimulation-augmented home exercise after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a prospective longitudinal assessment of the original intervention cohort.JSES international · 2026Article
- Shoulder pacemaker vs. conventional physiotherapy for acute-on-chronic rotator cuff tears: a novel rehabilitation approach.JSES international · 2026Article
- Effects of a Motion-Triggered Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Strength Program on Shoulder Strength and Throwing Velocity in Elite Handball Players.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A therapeutic assessment of tranexamic acid on functional recovery after rotator cuff repair surgery: A study of early and mid-term follow-up.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Recurrent posterior shoulder instability-Long-term results after arthroscopic posterior bone block with capsular reconstruction.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Posterior shoulder dislocation with acromion fracture: a case that illustrates a possible mechanism of posterior shoulder instability.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2024Article
- Diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability based on the ABC classification.EFORT open reviews · 2024Review
- Current Clinical Concepts: Nonoperative Management of Shoulder Instability.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- Retrospective analysis of decision-making in post-traumatic posterior shoulder instability.International orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Changes in microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility in two-stage exchange for periprosthetic shoulder infections.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2023Article
- Management of Shoulder Instability in Patients with Underlying Hyperlaxity.Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine · 2023Review
- Comprehensive management of posterior shoulder instability: diagnosis, indications, and technique for arthroscopic bone block augmentation.EFORT open reviews · 2022Review
- The Pencil Exercise.Video journal of sports medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPathological muscle activation patterns of the external rotators and periscapular muscles can result in posterior positional functional shoulder instability (PP-FSI). In several patients, physical therapy and surgical treatment are not successful. PURPOSE: The shoulder-pacemaker treatment concept was evaluated prospectively in patients with PP-FSI and previously failed conventional therapy attempt. STUDY
designCase series; Level of evidence, 4.
methodsA negative selection of 24 consecutive cases of noncontrollable PP-FSI in 16 patients with previously failed conventional therapy were included in this prospective study. The shoulder-pacemaker treatment consisted of an electrical muscle stimulation-based therapy protocol with 9 to 18 one-hour treatment sessions. Two patients were excluded because of nonadherence to the training schedule, leaving a final study cohort of 21 cases in 14 patients. Follow-up included assessment of clinical function, impairment during daily activities and sports, satisfaction, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Rowe score, and Subjective Shoulder Value at 0 weeks, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after intervention.
resultsWOSI, Subjective Shoulder Value, and Rowe score showed a highly significant improvement at all time points of follow-up (
conclusionThe shoulder-pacemaker therapy concept is an effective treatment with rapid improvement and sustained outcome over the course of 2 years in patients with noncontrollable PP-FSI with previously failed conventional treatment. Young and more athletic patients with lower weight and unilateral pathology respond best to the treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.