ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2021
Progress in microneedle array patch (MAP) for vaccine delivery.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity, safety, usability and acceptability of microarray patches for vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- Polysaccharides and carbohydrate polymers: innovations from nature to industry.Journal of the science of food and agriculture · 2026Review
- Microneedle patch technologies in virology: bridging immunization, antiviral therapy, and point-of-care diagnostics.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2026Review
- Preserving the gut microbiome: hydrogel-forming microneedle delivery of tetracycline reduces gut microbiome disruption compared to oral administration.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Emerging and Prospective Engineering Technologies Enabling Microneedle Based Vaccine Therapeutics.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Development and validation of the Oxford Benchmark Scale for Rating Vaccine Technologies (OBSRVT), a scale for assessing public attitudes to next-generation vaccine delivery technologies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Biodegradable Microneedle for Enhanced Transdermal Drug Delivery: Trends and Techniques.Methods and protocols · 2025Review
- Beyond the Needle: Innovative Microneedle-Based Transdermal Vaccination.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multi-Layered Microneedles Loaded with Microspheres.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- MAP-box: a novel, low-cost and easy-to-fabricate 3D-printed box for the storage and transportation of dissolving microneedle array patches.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Research Progress on Chitosan Microneedle Arrays in Transdermal Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the self-administration potential of high-density microarray patches to human skin: A preliminary study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Biotagging method for animal identification using dissolvable microneedle arrays prepared by customisable moulds.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2023Review
- Clinical Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Component Dissolving Microneedle Patch for Skin Pigmentation Disorders.Polymers · 2023Article
- Microneedles for Efficient and Precise Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Iontophoresis-driven microneedle patch for the active transdermal delivery of vaccine macromolecules.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2023Article
- Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A microneedle array patch (MAP) has been developed as a new delivery system for vaccines. Preclinical and clinical trials with a vaccine MAP showed improved stability, safety, and immunological efficacy compared to conventional vaccine administration. Various vaccines can be delivered with a MAP. Currently, microneedle manufacturers can mass-produce pharmaceutical MAP and cosmetic MAP and this mass-production system can be adapted to produce a vaccine MAP. Clinical trials with a vaccine MAP have shown comparable efficacy with conventional administration, and discussions about regulations for a vaccine MAP are underway. However, there are concerns of reasonable cost, mass production, efficacy, and safety standards that meet FDA approval, as well as the need for feedback regarding the best method of administration. Currently, microneedles have been studied for the delivery of many kinds of vaccines, and preclinical and clinical studies of vaccine microneedles are in progress. For the foreseeable future, some vaccines will continue to be administered with syringes and needles while the use of a vaccine MAP continues to be improved because of the advantages of less pain, self-administration, improved stability, convenience, and safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.