ArticleAddiction biology2021
Incubation of alcohol craving as it naturally occurs in a developmentally diverse sample of dependent and nondependent drinkers.
Article in Addiction biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- How adolescents' working memory abilities relate to their alcohol craving in real-life contexts depends on biological sex.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Frontal tDCS reduces alcohol relapse rates by increasing connections from left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to addiction networks.Brain stimulationTrial
- Joint effects of real-world cue exposure and affective states on momentary alcohol craving in adults with alcohol use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Predictors of subjective and physiological craving during VR-cue exposure in alcohol use disorder: an explorative single-arm clinical study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Physical context of alcohol use and craving: An EMA exploratory study.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Decreased incubation of fentanyl seeking in the absence of proximal drug-paired stimuli.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Reductions in WHO risk drinking levels correlate with alcohol craving among individuals with alcohol use disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- Alcohol cues increase behavioral economic demand and craving for alcohol in nontreatment-seeking and treatment-seeking heavy drinkers.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Peer-elicited alcohol craving in adolescents and emerging adults: Bridging the laboratory and natural environment.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Article
- Preventing incubation of drug craving to treat drug relapse: from bench to bedside.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Alcohol craving in the natural environment: Moderating roles of cue exposure, drinking, and alcohol sensitivity.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Profiling prefrontal cortex protein expression in rats exhibiting an incubation of cocaine craving following short-access self-administration procedures.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Translational opportunities in animal and human models to study alcohol use disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Review
- Neural mechanisms underlying incubation of methamphetamine craving: A mini-review.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Longer periods of abstinence are shown to enhance response to alcohol cues among alcohol-dependent animals and humans, a phenomenon described as "incubation of craving." The present work examined the effects of days since last drink on general craving and alcohol-cued craving as it occurs in daily life and explored whether effects were influenced by age and dependence. Three samples were combined to include 266 drinkers ranging in age from 14 to 67 years recruited from the community; about half (59.4%) met criteria for alcohol dependence. Drinkers used handheld electronic devices to rate their subjective alcohol craving (assessed as "urge to drink") and situational context (e.g., presence of visible alcohol cues) at nondrinking times in daily life, with days since last alcohol use culled from timeline follow-back interviews and real-world reports. Drinkers at the lower end of the age range in this sample reported greater intensification of craving with more days of continuous abstinence than drinkers at the upper end of the age range. Age was not related to incubation of cue-elicited craving, in specific, however. For drinkers with dependence, craving when in the presence of visible alcohol cues intensified with more days of continuous abstinence, suggesting craving incubation. This study builds from important foundational work to demonstrate that incubation of cue-elicited craving occurs in dependent drinkers and applies regardless of age. Inasmuch as craving is a motivational drive that maintains alcohol use, understanding factors that influence craving in daily life holds promise for improving clinical care.
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