ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2020
Differences in the prevalence of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer by race and ethnicity in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unravelling prostate cancer risk and protective factors among urology patients in a Tanzanian population.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Impacts of Interleukin-10 Promoter Genotypes on Prostate Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Review of Active Surveillance in Underrepresented and High-Risk Populations: Feasibility and Safety.Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Impact of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1A Genotypes on Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Prediction.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeProstate cancer burden is disproportionate by race. Black men have the highest incidence and mortality rates. Rates for Hispanic men are significantly lower than for non-Hispanic Whites. Whether differences in prevalences of modifiable risk and protective factors for prostate cancer may explain these racial/ethnic differences remains unclear.
methodsWe used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), which are cross-sectional and nationally representative. We selected factors known or suspected to be associated with prostate cancer and calculated risk scores combining key factors. Age-adjusted means and proportions were calculated for each factor and risk score by race/ethnicity. We estimated odds ratios (OR) using polytomous logistic regression.
resultsPrevalences of most factors are statistically significantly differed by race/ethnicity. In NHANES III, the prevalence of high risk score (i.e., > 25th percentile for all participants) was lower for all groups (non-Hispanic Black = 59.4%, non-US-born Mexican American = 51.4%, US-born Mexican American = 61.4%) vs. non-Hispanic White men (76.4%). Similar findings were observed for the fatal weighted risk score and for continuous NHANES.
conclusionsOur findings from this nationally representative study suggest that a combination of multiple risk and protective factors may help to explain the lower rates of prostate cancer in Mexican Americans. However, variation in these factors did not explain the higher risk of prostate cancer in non-Hispanic Black men. No one lifestyle change can reduce prostate cancer equally across all racial/ethnic groups, and modifiable factors may not explain the increased risk in black men at all. Secondary prevention strategies may provide the most benefit for black men.
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