ArticleMaternal and child health journal2020
American Sign Language Interpreters in Public Schools: An Illusion of Inclusion that Perpetuates Language Deprivation.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sign language ideologies in deaf education in Trinidad and Tobago.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2026Article
- Ideologies toward CSL: SL perceptions in the 2025 Chinese Spring Festival Gala.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2026Article
- Variability in Language and Literacy Outcomes Among Deaf Elementary Students in a National Sample.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Conceptual Model of Emergency Department Utilization among Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Patients: A Critical Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeMany deaf children have limited access to language, spoken or signed, during early childhood - which has damaging effects on many aspects of development. There has been a recent shift to consider deafness and language deprivation as separate but related conditions. As such, educational plans should differentiate between services related to deafness and services related to language deprivation. DESCRIPTION: Many deaf children attend mainstream public schools, and the primary service offered to students who use American Sign Language (ASL) is generally a sign language interpreter. ASSESSMENT: We argue that while sign language interpreters can be an effective accommodation for deafness (i.e., students who are deaf and not language-deprived), there is no reason to believe they are an effective accommodation for language deprivation (i.e., students who are deaf and language-deprived).
conclusionUsing interpreters instead of appropriate educational supports may exacerbate symptoms of language deprivation by prolonging the period of time a child goes with limited access to language.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.