ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2020
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Content on Circulating Metabolic Fuel Availability in the Postprandial State.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Do Lower-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Total Energy Expenditure? An Updated and Reanalyzed Meta-Analysis of 29 Controlled-Feeding Studies.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- A multimeal paradigm producing a low glycemic response is associated with modest cognitive benefits relative to a high glycemic response: a randomized, crossover trial in patients with type 2 diabetes.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Trial
- Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- The Ketogenic Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (HTN).Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Ketogenic Diet Intervention for Obesity Weight-Loss- A Narrative Review, Challenges, and Open Questions.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Exercise-Induced cytokines, diet, and inflammation and their role in adipose tissue metabolism.Health science reports · 2024Review
- Replacement of Dietary Carbohydrate with Protein versus Fat Differentially Alters Postprandial Circulating Hormones and Macronutrient Metabolism in Dogs.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Energy homeostasis from Lavoisier to control theory.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance Is Not Associated With Changes in the Degree of Obesity in Children and Adolescents.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Observational
- Eating, diet, and nutrition for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2023Review
- Competing paradigms of obesity pathogenesis: energy balance versus carbohydrate-insulin models.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
- Macronutrient Proportions and Fat Type Impact Ketogenicity and Shape the Circulating Lipidome in Dogs.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Lack of Evidence for a Causal Role of Hyperinsulinemia in the Progression of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- The energy balance model of obesity: beyond calories in, calories out.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Review
- Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Low Carbohydrate Dietary Approaches for People With Type 2 Diabetes-A Narrative Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextAccording to the carbohydrate-insulin model of obesity, an elevated insulin-to-glucagon ratio in response to a high-carbohydrate diet directs metabolic fuels toward storage, resulting in lower circulating energy.
objectiveTo determine differences in total circulating energy post-meal related to dietary carbohydrate.
designAncillary study within the Framingham State Food Study.
settingUniversity community.
participants29 adults (aged 20 to 65 years) with overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m
interventionAfter achieving 10% to 14% weight loss on a run-in diet, participants were randomized to weight-loss-maintenance test diets varying in carbohydrate content (high-carbohydrate, 60% of total energy, n = 11; moderate-carbohydrate, 40%, n = 8; low-carbohydrate, 20%, n = 10) and controlled for protein (20%). During 24-hour metabolic ward admissions between 10 and 15 weeks on the test diets, metabolic fuels and hormones were measured.
main outcome measureEnergy availability (EA) based on energy content of blood glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acids, in the late postprandial period (180 to 300 minutes). Insulin at 30 minutes into the test meal (Meal Insulin-30) was measured as an effect modifier.
resultsInsulin-to-glucagon ratio was 7-fold higher in participants on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (2.5 and 0.36, respectively). Late postprandial EA was 0.58 kcal/L lower on the high- vs low-carbohydrate diet (
conclusionsDuring weight-loss maintenance on a high-carbohydrate diet, late postprandial EA is reduced, consistent with the carbohydrate-insulin model.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.