ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Type I IFN is siloed in endosomes.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biology and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle targeting and uptake.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- ISG15-USP18 signaling restrains viperin-dependent metabolic antiviral restriction.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Differential Signal Transduction by Interferon Lambda Receptor 1 Variants.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- Organelle-centered ISG15 biology: distinguishing covalent ISGylation from interferon-associated responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The ISGylation tapestry in cancer: weaving phenotypic plasticity through multidimensional regulatory looms.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Mechanisms of Differential Signal Transduction by IFNLR1 Variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Opposite Responses of Interferon and Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced by Human Metapneumovirus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Macrophages.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Structure of the interleukin-5 receptor complex exemplifies the organizing principle of common beta cytokine signaling.Molecular cell · 2024Article
- Article
- Concerted type I interferon signaling in microglia and neural cells promotes memory impairment associated with amyloid β plaques.Immunity · 2022Article
- IFI44 is an immune evasion biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Nano-Enabled Reposition of Proton Pump Inhibitors for TLR Inhibition: Toward A New Targeted Nanotherapy for Acute Lung Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Article
- Phosphor-IWS1-dependent U2AF2 splicing regulates trafficking of CAR-E-positive intronless gene mRNAs and sensitivity to viral infection.Communications biology · 2021Article
- Down syndrome and type I interferon: not so simple.Current opinion in immunology · 2021Review
- Inflammasome-induced extracellular vesicles harbour distinct RNA signatures and alter bystander macrophage responses.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2021Article
- Differential Expression of Interferon-Alpha Protein Provides Clues to Tissue Specificity Across Type I Interferonopathies.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Article
- Bourgeoning Scientific Research in Down Syndrome.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Article
- Interferon Receptor Trafficking and Signaling: Journey to the Cross Roads.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Unveiling Interindividual Variability of Human Fibroblast Innate Immune Response Using Robust Cell-Based Protocols.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Type I IFN (IFN-I) is thought to be rapidly internalized and degraded following binding to its receptor and initiation of signaling. However, many studies report the persistent effects mediated by IFN-I for days or even weeks, both ex vivo and in vivo. These long-lasting effects are attributed to downstream signaling molecules or induced effectors having a long half-life, particularly in specific cell types. Here, we describe a mechanism explaining the long-term effects of IFN-I. Following receptor binding, IFN-I is siloed into endosomal compartments. These intracellular "IFN silos" persist for days and can be visualized by fluorescence and electron microscopy. However, they are largely dormant functionally, due to IFN-I-induced negative regulators. By contrast, in individuals lacking these negative regulators, such as ISG15 or USP18, this siloed IFN-I can continue to signal from within the endosome. This mechanism may underlie the long-term effects of IFN-I therapy and may contribute to the pathophysiology of type I interferonopathies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.