Observational studyCMAJ open
Death and long-term disability after gun injury: a cohort analysis.
Observational study in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regenerative Medicine: Advanced Therapy for Muscle Tissue Restoration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Health services use for injury amongst persons experiencing homelessness in Ontario, Canada: a population-based retrospective matched cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Prior Concussions and Risk of Disability for Patients After a Motor Vehicle Crash.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Firearm Injuries: Unveiling the Unmatched Healthcare Burden and Costs.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2025Article
- Rising transfusion rates amidst stable blood supply: A Canadian perspective on emerging challenges for blood operators.Transfusion · 2025Article
- Post-discharge Home Care Services Use, Long-Term Care Placement, and Survival in Older Adults with Major Trauma: a Population-Based Cohort Study from Ontario, Canada.Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ · 2025Article
- Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Firearm Violence Exposure and Functional Disability among Black Men and Women in the United States.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
- Costs for Long-Term Health Care After a Police Shooting in Ontario, Canada.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Suicide versus homicide firearm injury patterns on trauma systems in a study of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
- Global burden and trends of firearm violence in 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Longer-term rates of survival and reintervention after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for blunt aortic injury: a retrospective population-based cohort study from Ontario, Canada.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2022Article
- Non-fatal gun violence and community health behaviors: A neighborhood analysis in Philadelphia.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- Disability and Racial Justice Go Hand in Hand: A Commentary on Black Men and Firearm Violence.American journal of men's healthArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGun injury accounts for substantial acute mortality worldwide and many others survive with lingering disabilities. We investigated whether additional health losses beyond mortality can also arise for patients who survive with long-term disability.
methodsWe conducted a population-based individual patient analysis of adults injured by firearms who had received emergency medical care in Ontario, Canada, from Apr. 1, 2002, to Apr. 1, 2019. Longitudinal cohort analyses were evaluated through deterministic linkages of individual electronic patient files. The primary outcome was death or subsequent application for long-term disability in the years after hospital discharge.
resultsIn total, 8313 patients were injured from firearms, of which 3020 were injured from intentional incidents and 5293 were injured from unintentional incidents. A total of 2657 (88.0%) patients with intentional gun injury and 5089 (96.1%) patients with unintentional gun injury survived initial injuries. After a mean 7.75 years of follow-up, patients surviving intentional injuries had a disability rate twice as high as patients surviving unintentional injuries (19.7% v. 10.1%,
interpretationOur study shows that gun death statistics underestimate the extent of health losses from long-term disability, particularly for those with intentional injuries. Additional and sustainable follow-up medical care might improve patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.