ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Lactoferrin as Protective Natural Barrier of Respiratory and Intestinal Mucosa against Coronavirus Infection and Inflammation.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04526821 (Bovine Lactoferrin for the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Physicians and Nurses in Hospitals in Lima, Peru), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Bovine Lactoferrin for the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Physicians and Nurses in Hospitals in Lima, Peru: a Double Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial (LF-COVID)
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Supporting respiratory epithelia and lowering inflammation to effectively treat common cold symptoms: A randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Lactoferrin blocks orthopoxvirus entry via heparan sulphate and regulates host antiviral pathways.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- Impact of nutrition on long COVID.Sports medicine and health science · 2026Review
- Galectin-3: a novel antimicrobial host factor identified in goat nasal mucus.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Mucosal Immunity: Lessons from the Lower Respiratory and Small Intestinal Epithelia.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Legacy of COVID-19 in Breast Milk: The Association of Elevated Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Proteins with Vaccination or Infection.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Lactoferrin exhibits PEDV antiviral activity by interfering with spike-heparan sulfate proteoglycans binding and activating mucosal immune response.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Development, Optimization, and Clinical Relevance of Lactoferrin Delivery Systems: A Focus on Ocular Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Human transferrin receptor can mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Milk Antiviral Proteins and Derived Peptides against Zoonoses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Quality of Associated Care in Patients with Gastric Cancer.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2024Review
- Foaming and Other Functional Properties of Freeze-Dried Mare's Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deficiency of Lactoferrin aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation via recruitment macrophage in mice.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Article
- An overview on in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity of lactoferrin: its efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2023Review
- Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and the ocular surface: test accuracy and viral load.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2023Article
- Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19?Nutrients · 2022Review
- Combined use of lactoferrin and vitamin D as a preventive and therapeutic supplement for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Current evidence.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently, the world has been dealing with a devastating global pandemic coronavirus infection, with more than 12 million infected worldwide and over 300,000 deaths as of May 15th 2020, related to a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), characterized by a spherical morphology and identified through next-generation sequencing. Although the respiratory tract is the primary portal of entry of SARS-CoV-2, gastrointestinal involvement associated with nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea may also occur. No drug or vaccine has been approved due to the absence of evidence deriving from rigorous clinical trials. Increasing interest has been highlighted on the possible preventative role and adjunct treatment of lactoferrin, glycoprotein of human secretions part of a non-specific defensive system, known to play a crucial role against microbial and viral infections and exerting anti-inflammatory effects on different mucosal surfaces and able to regulate iron metabolism. In this review, analysing lactoferrin properties, we propose designing a clinical trial to evaluate and verify its effect using a dual combination treatment with local, solubilized intranasal spray formulation and oral administration. Lactoferrin could counteract the coronavirus infection and inflammation, acting either as natural barrier of both respiratory and intestinal mucosa or reverting the iron disorders related to the viral colonization.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.