ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2020
The Interrelationship between Ventilatory Inefficiency and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Terms of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Heart Failure Outpatients.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Benefit of cardiac rehabilitation in acute heart failure patients with cognitive impairment.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Optimizing exercise testing-based risk stratification to predict poor prognosis after acute heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2023Article
- Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Outcomes With Multidisciplinary Cardiac Rehabilitation in Post-acute Systolic Heart Failure Patients-A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The relationship between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiovascular (CV) outcome is documented in patients with low LVEF. Ventilatory inefficiency is an important prognostic predictor. We hypothesized that the presence of ventilatory inefficiency influences the prognostic predictability of LVEF in heart failure (HF) outpatients. In total, 169 HF outpatients underwent the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and were followed up for a median of 9.25 years. Subjects were divided into five groups of similar size according to baseline LVEF (≤39%, 40-58%, 59-68%, 69-74%, and ≥75%). The primary endpoints were CV mortality and first HF hospitalization. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for simple and multiple regression analyses to evaluate the interrelationship between LVEF and ventilatory inefficiency (ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) at anaerobic threshold (AT) >34.3, optimized cut-point). Only LVEF and VE/VCO2 at AT were significant predictors of major CV events. The lower LVEF subgroup (LVEF ≤ 39%) was associated with an increased risk of CV events, relative to the LVEF ≥75% subgroup, except for patients with ventilatory inefficiency (
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