ArticlePLoS biology2020
PiVR: An affordable and versatile closed-loop platform to study unrestrained sensorimotor behavior.
Article in PLoS biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Altered locomotion and anxiety after exposure to SiOScientific reports · 2025Article
- Sensation of electric fields in the Drosophila melanogaster larva.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- The fruit fly,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Marigold: a machine learning-based web app for zebrafish pose tracking.BMC bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Investigating the Neural Control of Social Behavior inJournal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2025Article
- CRASH2p: Closed-loop Two Photon Imaging in a Freely Moving Animal.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Microdosing ketamine in Drosophila does not block serotonin reuptake, but causes complex behavioral changes mediated by glutamate and serotonin receptors.Journal of neurochemistry · 2024Article
- Diving into the zebrafish brain: exploring neuroscience frontiers with genetic tools, imaging techniques, and behavioral insights.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Microdosing ketamine inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- OptoPi: An open source flexible platform for the analysis of small animal behaviour.HardwareX · 2023Article
- Glial Draper signaling triggers cross-neuron plasticity in bystander neurons after neuronal cell death in Drosophila.Nature communications · 2023Article
- High-resolution analysis of individualOpen biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Distinctive features of the central synaptic organization ofFrontiers in neural circuits · 2023Article
- Depolarization block in olfactory sensory neurons expands the dimensionality of odor encoding.Science advances · 2022Article
- Open Hardware in Science: The Benefits of Open Electronics.Integrative and comparative biology · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tools enabling closed-loop experiments are crucial to delineate causal relationships between the activity of genetically labeled neurons and specific behaviors. We developed the Raspberry Pi Virtual Reality (PiVR) system to conduct closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of neural functions in unrestrained animals. PiVR is an experimental platform that operates at high temporal resolution (70 Hz) with low latencies (<30 milliseconds), while being affordable (<US$500) and easy to build (<6 hours). Through extensive documentation, this tool was designed to be accessible to a wide public, from high school students to professional researchers studying systems neuroscience. We illustrate the functionality of PiVR by focusing on sensory navigation in response to gradients of chemicals (chemotaxis) and light (phototaxis). We show how Drosophila adult flies perform negative chemotaxis by modulating their locomotor speed to avoid locations associated with optogenetically evoked bitter taste. In Drosophila larvae, we use innate positive chemotaxis to compare behavior elicited by real- and virtual-odor gradients. Finally, we examine how positive phototaxis emerges in zebrafish larvae from the modulation of turning maneuvers to orient in virtual white-light gradients. Besides its application to study chemotaxis and phototaxis, PiVR is a versatile tool designed to bolster efforts to map and to functionally characterize neural circuits.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.