ArticleSports medicine - open2020
Training or Synergizing? Complex Systems Principles Change the Understanding of Sport Processes.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Match Analysis in Team Ball Sports: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Sports medicine - open · 2022Pooled it
- Integrating physical and tactical factors in football using positional data: a systematic review.PeerJ · 2022Pooled it
- High-Intensity Exercise Performance as a Complex Adaptive System: An Integrative Review.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lineup Types and Key Variables for Success in Men's Paralympic Wheelchair Basketball.Journal of human kinetics · 2026Article
- Sprint Running Coordination: A Dynamical Systems Perspective.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Micro-recovery dosing in elite sport: an initiative-taking, organization-wide recovery framework.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Performing is adapting: an ecological dynamics framework for skill learningFrontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
- Beyond hypertrophy: a network physiology perspective on the cardio-neuromuscular trade-off in elite soccer.Frontiers in network physiology · 2026Article
- Part I: Development and Implementation of the Ten, Five, Three (TFT) Model for Resistance Training.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The impact of core training on overall athletic performance in different sports: a comprehensive meta-analysis.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Redefining Health-Related Fitness: The Adaptive Ability to Foster Survival Possibilities.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- A socio-constructivist framework for tactical development in team sports: fostering critical thinking through collaborative learning.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Using a Bayesian network to classify time to return to sport based on football injury epidemiological data.PloS one · 2025Article
- Analysis and prediction of unforced errors in men's and women's professional padel.Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Article
- The Finishing Space Value for Shooting Decision-Making in High-Performance Football.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A framework for player movement analysis in team sports.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Review
- Disentangling the dynamic interplay between muscle damage and energetics in male boxers during a short training block.Biology of sport · 2024Article
- Resilience in sports: a multidisciplinary, dynamic, and personalized perspective.International review of sport and exercise psychology · 2024Article
- Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players' individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis.Biology of sport · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a need to update scientific assumptions in sport to promote the critical thinking of scientists, coaches, and practitioners and improve their methodological decisions. On the basis of complex systems science and theories of biological evolution, a systematization and update of theoretical and methodological principles to transform the understanding of sports training is provided. The classical focus on learning/acquiring skills and fitness is replaced by the aim of increasing the diversity/unpredictability potential of teams/athletes through the development of synergies. This development is underpinned by the properties of hierarchical organization and circular causality of constraints, that is, the nestedness of constraints acting at different levels and timescales. These properties, that integrate bottom-up and top-down all dimensions and levels of performance (from social to genetic), apply to all types of sport, ages, or levels of expertise and can be transferred to other fields (e.g., education, health, management). The team as the main training unit of intervention, the dynamic concept of task representativeness, and the co-adaptive and synergic role of the agents are some few practical consequences of moving from training to synergizing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.