ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
NF2 mutation status and tumor mutational burden correlate with immune cell infiltration in meningiomas.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activity of PD-1 blockade with nivolumab among patients with recurrent atypical/anaplastic meningioma: phase II trial results.Neuro-oncology · 2022Trial
- Tumour-associated macrophages in human meningiomas.PloS one · 2025Article
- NF2: An underestimated player in cancer metabolic reprogramming and tumor immunity.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Review
- Cytoskeletal Protein 4.1R in Health and Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Identification of the immune-related biomarkers in Behcet's disease by plasma proteomic analysis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Article
- The genetic landscape and possible therapeutics of neurofibromatosis type 2.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- The Role of Cytoskeleton Protein 4.1 in Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Construction of immune cell infiltration score model to assess prognostic ability of tumor immune environment in lung adenocarcinoma.American journal of translational research · 2023Article
- NF2 mutations are associated with resistance to radiation therapy for grade 2 and grade 3 recurrent meningiomas.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Prognostic significance of telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter gen mutations in high grade meningiomasBiomedica : revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud · 2022Article
- Synthesizing Molecular and Immune Characteristics to Move Beyond WHO Grade in Meningiomas: A Focused Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Future directions for immunotherapy in meningioma treatment.Oncotarget · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe tumor microenvironment is an emerging biomarker of underlying genomic heterogeneity and response to immunotherapy-based treatment regimens in solid malignancies. How tumor mutational burden influences the density, distribution, and presence of a localized immune response in meningiomas is unknown.
methodsRepresentative hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed at 40X to assess for the density of inflammatory cells. Lymphocytes and macrophages were quantified in the following ordinal manner: 0 = not present, 1 = 1-25 cells present, and 2 = greater than 26 cells present. Immune cell infiltrate grade was scored for both scattered and aggregated distributions. Next generation targeted sequencing was performed on all meningiomas included in this study.
resultsOne hundred and forty-five meningiomas were evaluated in this study. Lymphocytes were observed in both scattered (95.9%) and aggregated (21.4%) distributions. A total of 115 (79.3%) meningiomas had 1-25 scattered lymphocytes, and 24 (16.6%) had > 25 scattered lymphocytes, and 6 (4.1%) had no scattered lymphocytes. Twenty (13.8%) meningiomas had 1-25 aggregated lymphocytes. Eleven (7.6%) had > 25 aggregated lymphocytes and 114 (78.6%) had no aggregated lymphocytes. Six (4.1%) meningiomas had 1-25 aggregated macrophages, 5 (3.4%) had > 25 aggregated macrophages, and 134 (92.4%) had no aggregated macrophages. Density of aggregated lymphocytes and aggregated macrophages were associated with higher tumor grade, P = 0.0071 and P = 0.0068, respectively. Scattered lymphocyte density was not associated with meningioma grade. The presence of scattered lymphocytes was associated with increased tumor mutational burden. Meningiomas that did not have scattered lymphocytes had a mean number of single mutations of 2.3 ± 2.9, compared with meningiomas that had scattered lymphocytes, 6.9 ± 20.3, P = 0.03. NF2 mutations were identified in 59 (40.7%) meningiomas and were associated with increased density of scattered lymphocytes. NF2 mutations were seen in 0 (0%) meningiomas that did not have scattered lymphocytes, 46 (40.0%) meningiomas that had 1-25 scattered lymphocytes, and 13 (54.2%) meningiomas that had > 25 scattered lymphocytes, P = 0.046.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that distribution of immune cell infiltration in meningiomas is associated with tumor mutational burden. NF2 mutational status was associated with an increasing density of scattered lymphocytes. As the role of immunotherapy in meningiomas continues to be elucidated with clinical trials that are currently underway, these results may serve as a novel biomarker of tumor mutational burden in meningiomas.
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