ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2021
The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular regulation of DNA damage and repair in female infertility: a systematic review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Pooled it
- Profiling inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers following taurine supplementation: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Combating ageing beyond the cell: Emerging roles of extracellular proteostasis.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Where metabolism and virulence meet-sulfoxide reductases as determinants of bacterial survival.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Article
- Implications of bacterial exposure to reactive oxygen and chlorine species.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Taenia solium extracellular vesicles decrease reactive oxygen species production in human neutrophils by inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- Human serum albumin modified in myeloperoxidase-dependent reactions is a mediator of neutrophil extracellular trap formation.Journal of biomedical research · 2026Article
- Nanoparticles-based phototherapy systems: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Increased Bacterial Load per Neutrophil Reduces Intracellular Killing Capacity.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- Myeloperoxidase as a therapeutic target for oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Activity of HOCl-generating e-bandage with clinically available hydrogels againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Review
- Versatile roles of rubredoxin reductase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa TBCF10839 in virulence and stress protection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Core-Shell ZnOACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Bacteria detect neutrophils via a system that responds to hypochlorous acid and flow.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genome-wide characterization of hypothiocyanite stress response inJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Development of a Coumarin-derived Fluorescent Probe for Detection of HOCl and its Application in Cells and Zebrafish.Journal of fluorescence · 2025Article
- Spontaneous Generation of an Endogenous RORγt Agonist.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.