ArticleNature biotechnology2021
Engineered off-the-shelf therapeutic T cells resist host immune rejection.
Article in Nature biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategies and mechanisms for the enhancement of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell functions.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Genetically engineered hypoimmunogenic iPSCs: Strategies and considerations for clinical applications.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- Next-generation natural killer cell therapy: bench to bedside and beyond.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- A synthetic NKG2A engager enables long-term persistence of HLA-deficient allogeneic engineered Tregs.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Allo-defensive, multiplex base-edited, anti-CD38 CAR T cells for 'off-the-shelf' immunotherapy.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Advances in Living Cell-Mediated Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Construction Strategies, Applications and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Next-generation programmable cell therapies for precision medicine.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2026Review
- Anti-CAR Immunity Drives Acquired Therapeutic Resistance to GD2-CAR T Cell Therapy in Diffuse Midline Glioma.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- HLA-E single-chain trimer shields gene-edited allogeneic CAR T cells from NK cell attack.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Emerging strategies to reduce the side effects of CAR-T cell therapy: focusing on gene editing and nanotechnology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- The evolving global landscape of first-in-class oncology drug innovation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Allogeneic CD19 CAR T cells armed with an anti-rejection CD70 CAR overcome antigen escape and evade alloimmune responses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- CAR-NK cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: advances, challenges and optimization strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Designing universal T cell therapies: strategies to evade natural killer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Genetic engineering and allogeneic optimization of Vδ1 γδ CAR-T cells (ADI-270) for cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy.Cancer cell · 2025Review
- CAR Cell-Derived Exosomes in Cancer Therapy: Biogenesis, Engineering Strategies and Antitumor Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Constitutive IL-7 signaling promotes CAR-NK cell survival in the solid tumor microenvironment but impairs tumor control.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Regulatory T cell therapy for Graft-versus-Host Disease.Bone marrow transplantation · 2025Review
- ADI-270: an armored allogeneic gamma delta T cell therapy designed to target CD70-expressing solid and hematologic malignancies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered T cells are effective therapies against a range of malignancies, but current approaches rely on autologous T cells, which are difficult and expensive to manufacture. Efforts to develop potent allogeneic T cells that are not rejected by the recipient's immune system require abrogating both T- and natural killer (NK)-cell responses, which eliminate foreign cells through various mechanisms. In the present study, we engineered a receptor that mediates deletion of activated host T and NK cells, preventing rejection of allogeneic T cells. Our alloimmune defense receptor (ADR) selectively recognizes 4-1BB, a cell surface receptor temporarily upregulated by activated lymphocytes. ADR-expressing T cells resist cellular rejection by targeting alloreactive lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo, while sparing resting lymphocytes. Cells co-expressing chimeric antigen receptors and ADRs persisted in mice and produced sustained tumor eradication in two mouse models of allogeneic T-cell therapy of hematopoietic and solid cancers. This approach enables generation of rejection-resistant, 'off-the-shelf', allogeneic T-cell products to produce long-term therapeutic benefit in immunocompetent recipients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.