Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32661379›Full record

ArticleNature chemical biology2020

Acoustic biosensors for ultrasound imaging of enzyme activity.

Anupama Lakshmanan, Zhiyang Jin, Suchita P Nety, Daniel P Sawyer, Audrey Lee-Gosselin, Dina Malounda, Mararet B Swift, David Maresca, Mikhail G Shapiro

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature chemical biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Chemical reviews · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Protein engineering: status report.Protein engineering, design & selection : PEDS · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. A programmable genetic platform for engineering noninvasive biosensors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Aptameric Metal-Organic Framework Nanobiosensor.ACS applied nano materials · 2024
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Truly Tiny Acoustic Biomolecules for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Anupama Lakshmanan *Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Zhiyang Jin *Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4411-6991
Suchita P NetyDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4201-1061
Daniel P SawyerDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Audrey Lee-GosselinDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Dina MaloundaDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mararet B SwiftDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
David MarescaDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Mikhail G ShapiroDivision of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. mikhail@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0291-4215

Funding

Biogenic Gas Nanostructures As Molecular Imaging Reporters For UltrasoundR01EB018975 · NIBIB · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Mikhail Shapiro · 2014 to 2026
$5.9M
Predoctoral Biotechnology Leadership Training in Micro/NanomedicineT32GM112592 · NIGMS · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ARNOLD, FRANCES H · 2015 to 2019
$1.1M
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB018975NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM112592
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Visualizing biomolecular and cellular processes inside intact living organisms is a major goal of chemical biology. However, existing molecular biosensors, based primarily on fluorescent emission, have limited utility in this context due to the scattering of light by tissue. In contrast, ultrasound can easily image deep tissue with high spatiotemporal resolution, but lacks the biosensors needed to connect its contrast to the activity of specific biomolecules such as enzymes. To overcome this limitation, we introduce the first genetically encodable acoustic biosensors-molecules that 'light up' in ultrasound imaging in response to protease activity. These biosensors are based on a unique class of air-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, which we engineered to produce nonlinear ultrasound signals in response to the activity of three different protease enzymes. We demonstrate the ability of these biosensors to be imaged in vitro, inside engineered probiotic bacteria, and in vivo in the mouse gastrointestinal tract.

Indexed as

AcousticsAnimalsBacteriaBiosensing TechniquesCalpainEndopeptidase ClpEndopeptidasesEnzymesEquipment DesignEscherichia coli ProteinsGastrointestinal TractMaleMice, Inbred C57BLNanostructuresPotyvirusProbioticsCalpainClpXP protease, E coliEndopeptidase ClpEndopeptidasesEnzymesEscherichia coli ProteinsRecombinant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID32661379
PMCPMC7713704

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.