ReviewNature reviews. Urology2020
The immune response to infection in the bladder.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Multifactor machine learning models for predicting urinary tract infections: a pilot study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- NeuO-mediated O-acetylation of uropathogenicJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Mast cell specific receptor Mrgprb2/X2 regulates bladder immunity during urinary tract infections.Research square · 2026Article
- Anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial potentials of Caryota mitis L. leaves extract in urothelial LPS-induced inflammation and UTI pathogens.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- A Scalable Organoid Model of Urothelial Aging for Metabolic Interrogation, Infection Modeling, and Reversal of Age-Associated Changes.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Negative-control-anchored urinary microbiome profiling with absolute 16S quantification: a pilot study in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive bladder cancer and healthy individuals.FEMS microbiology letters · 2026Article
- Current Evidence on Safety, Efficacy and Efficiency of Sublingual Vaccine UromunePathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Current Scientific Advances in Vaccines Against UTIs: Challenges and Prospects.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Obesity promotes urinary tract infection by disrupting bladder focal adhesion kinase signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- Urothelial collective-gliding response acts as a toll-like receptor 4-associated defense mechanism.iScience · 2025Article
- PTEN modulates urinary tract infection susceptibility and shapes urothelial antibacterial defenses.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Genomic Landscape of Escherichia coli O1:K1:H7 ST59 in Non-complicated Urinary Infections from Colombia Through Whole-Genome Sequencing.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- An association between antibiotic usage during pregnancy and the subsequent development of autoimmune hepatitis.Canadian liver journal · 2025Article
- Vaccination with Acinetobacter baumannii adhesin Abp2D provides protection against catheter-associated urinary tract infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Kidney-derived Urinary Extracellular Vesicles are Increased During Acute Rejection after Kidney Transplantation: A Pilot Study.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bladder is continuously protected by passive defences such as a mucus layer, antimicrobial peptides and secretory immunoglobulins; however, these defences are occasionally overcome by invading bacteria that can induce a strong host inflammatory response in the bladder. The urothelium and resident immune cells produce additional defence molecules, cytokines and chemokines, which recruit inflammatory cells to the infected tissue. Resident and recruited immune cells act together to eradicate bacteria from the bladder and to develop lasting immune memory against infection. However, urinary tract infection (UTI) is commonly recurrent, suggesting that the induction of a memory response in the bladder is inadequate to prevent reinfection. Additionally, infection seems to induce long-lasting changes in the urothelium, which can render the tissue more susceptible to future infection. The innate immune response is well-studied in the field of UTI, but considerably less is known about how adaptive immunity develops and how repair mechanisms restore bladder homeostasis following infection. Furthermore, data demonstrate that sex-based differences in immunity affect resolution and infection can lead to tissue remodelling in the bladder following resolution of UTI. To combat the rise in antimicrobial resistance, innovative therapeutic approaches to bladder infection are currently in development. Improving our understanding of how the bladder responds to infection will support the development of improved treatments for UTI, particularly for those at risk of recurrent infection.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.