ReviewSeminars in oncology2020
Are sex discordant outcomes in COVID-19 related to sex hormones?
Review in Seminars in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycophenolate mofetil associates with COVID-19 hospitalization in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based study from China.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- A Multimorbidity Analysis of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Northwest Italy: Longitudinal Study Using Evolutionary Machine Learning and Health Administrative Data.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Exploration of Sex and Age-Based Associations in Clinical Characteristics, Predictors of Severity, and Duration of Stay among COVID-19 Patients at the University Hospital of Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of androgenetic alopecia with a more severe form of COVID-19 infection.Irish journal of medical science · 2023Observational
- Article
- Relationship of inflammatory mediators and sex-related parameters in Jordanian adult men patients with Covid-19.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2022Article
- Characterization of raloxifene as a potential pharmacological agent against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and risks for COVID-19 infection: A comprehensive review : PCOS and COVID-19 relationship.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Potential Association between the Use of Anabolic Steroids and COVID-19 Infection.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Sex hormones and immune system: Menopausal hormone therapy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- TMPRSS2 Expression and Activity Modulation by Sex-Related Hormones in Lung Calu-3 Cells: Impact on Gender-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Mortality Predictors Among COVID-19 Elderly in Taif, Saudi Arabia.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Coagulation parameters predict COVID-19-related thrombosis in a neural network with a positive predictive value of 98.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The triumvirate of NF-κB, inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Analysis of the Role of Female Hormones During Infection by COVID-19.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2021Review
- Structural and Functional Analysis of Female Sex Hormones against SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Article
- Androgenetic alopecia and COVID-19: A review of the hypothetical role of androgens.Dermatologic therapy · 2021Review
- Targeting the intestinal TMPRSS2 protease to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into enterocytes-prospects and challenges.Molecular biology reports · 2021Review
- Contribution of STAT3 to the pathogenesis of COVID-19.Microbial pathogenesis · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcome. Globally, infection rates between men and women are similar; however, men are more likely to have more severe disease and are more likely to die. The causes for this disparity are currently under investigation and are most likely multifactorial. Sex hormones play an important role in the immune response with estrogen seen as immune boosting and testosterone as immunosuppressing. Additionally, an important protease involved in viral entry, TMPRSS2, is regulated by androgens. Many observational and prospective studies are ongoing or initiating to further examine the role of sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 infection and if modulation of them is a realistic treatment option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.