ArticleCritical care (London, England)2020
Risk factors and intestinal microbiota: Clostridioides difficile infection in patients receiving enteral nutrition at Intensive Care Units.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome changes in critically ill adults: a systematic review of longitudinal sequencing studies.Critical care science · 2026Pooled it
- The Bile Acid-Diet-Microbiome Axis inNutrients · 2026Review
- Epidemiological patterns, risk factors, and prevention gaps of surgical site infections in operating rooms: a hospital-based surveillance study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of enteral feeding strategies on nosocomialFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Challenges and Strategies in Managing RecurrentGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Risk Factors and Outcomes of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit Patients.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit - Case report.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota modulation in gastrointestinal disorders: current evidence and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Postburn Abdominal Pain of Gastrointestinal Origin: A Scoping Review.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics and Fiber-Degrading Enzyme Kinetics of Cellulose, Arabinoxylan,Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Reconsidering ventilator-associated pneumonia from a new dimension of the lung microbiome.EBioMedicine · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea. Patients receiving enteral nutrition (EN) in the intensive care unit (ICU) are potentially at high risk of CDI. In the present study, we assessed the risk factors and intestinal microbiome of patients to better understand the occurrence and development of CDI.
methodsPatients were screened for C. difficile every week after starting EN, and their clinical records were collected for risk factor identification. Fecal samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the intestinal microbiota.
resultsOverall incidence of CDI was 10.7% (18/168 patients). History of cerebral infarction was significantly associated with CDI occurrence (OR, 9.759; 95% CI, 2.140-44.498), and treatment with metronidazole was identified to be protective (OR, 0.287; 95% CI, 0.091-0.902). Patients with EN had lower bacterial richness and diversity, accompanied by a remarkable decrease in the abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella_9, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae. Of these patients, acquisition of C. difficile resulted in a transient increase in microbial diversity, along with consistent alterations in the proportion of some bacterial taxa, especially Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Upon initiation of EN, patients who were positive for C. difficile later showed an enhanced load of Bacteroides, which was negatively correlated with the abundance of C. difficile when CDI developed.
conclusionICU patients receiving EN have a high prevalence of CDI and a fragile intestinal microbial environment. History of cerebral infarction and prior treatment with metronidazole are considered as vital risk and protective factors, respectively. We propose that the emergence of CDI could cause a protective alteration of the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, Bacteroides loads seem to be closely related to the occurrence and development of CDI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.