ReviewBMC nephrology2020
Macrophage polarization in innate immune responses contributing to pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease.
Review in BMC nephrology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Polysaccharides fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Macrophage Function in Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Formation: A Systematic Review of Literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Melanocortin 1 Receptor Signaling Protects Against Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury and M1 Macrophage Polarization in Acute Kidney Injury.Integrative zoology · 2026Article
- Challenges and prospects of polymeric biomaterials in immune engineering: A review.Journal of biomaterials applications · 2026Review
- Mouse models to study von Willebrand factor in inflammation: a scoping review.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Review
- Corticosteroids augment cyclosporine nephrotoxicity in pediatric nephrotic syndrome: potential role of alternatively activated macrophages.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Serum Biomarkers of Macrophage Activation and Incident CKD in People With and Without HIV: Findings From the MACS-WIHS Combined Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Podocyte TLR4 deletion alleviates diabetic kidney disease through prohibiting PKCδ/SHP-1-dependent ER stress and relieving podocyte damage and inflammation.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Progranulin impairs efferocytosis of macrophages in renal fibrosis by negatively regulating PPAR-δ-mediated inhibition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Article
- Macrophage-Myocyte Cross Talk Induces M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Cytokine Production During Cancer Cachexia.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- INPP5D/SHIP1-mediated immunometabolic remodeling of renal monocytes in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic pathways in liver fibrosis: current evidence for selected plant-derived metabolites associated with traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Exploring the comorbidity mechanisms of ITGB2 in rheumatoid arthritis and membranous nephropathy through integrated bioinformatics analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- ALKBH5 induces macrophage activation to promote renal fibrosis via Retnla.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Mild and reversible nephrotoxicity following repeated administration of damnacanthal in nude mice.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Friend or foe? The role of SIRT6 on macrophage polarized to M2 subtype in acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Macrophage Efferocytosis as a Therapeutic Strategy in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Cell proliferation · 2025Review
- Association Between Oxidative-Inflammation Biomarkers and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in People with High Cardiovascular Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- G1 and G2 ApolipoproteinL1 modulate macrophage inflammation and lipid accumulation through the polyamine pathway.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Dysregulated innate immune responses mediated by macrophages play critical roles in progressive renal injury. The differentiation and polarization of macrophages into pro-inflammatory 'M1' and anti-inflammatory 'M2' states represent the two extreme maturation programs of macrophages during tissue injury. However, the effects of macrophage polarization on the pathogenesis of CKD are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss the innate immune mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization and the role of macrophage polarization in the initiation, progression, resolution and recurrence of CKD. Macrophage activation and polarization are initiated through recognition of conserved endogenous and exogenous molecular motifs by pattern recognition receptors, chiefly, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are located on the cell surface and in endosomes, and NLR inflammasomes, which are positioned in the cytosol. Recent data suggest that genetic variants of the innate immune molecule apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) that are associated with increased CKD prevalence in people of African descent, mediate an atypical M1 macrophage polarization. Manipulation of macrophage polarization may offer novel strategies to address dysregulated immunometabolism and may provide a complementary approach along with current podocentric treatment for glomerular diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.