ArticleBMC infectious diseases2020
Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010-2018.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Molecular typing of rotaviruses in gastroenteritis cases detected in foreign-born children aged 0-5 years.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children in Nairobi's urban informal settlements following introduction of the Rotavac® vaccine.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Genotype Diversity of Rotavirus in Odisha, India: Postvaccine Changes.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Rotavirus Genotype Dynamics and the Emergence of G3P[8] in Thailand Following Nationwide Vaccine Implementation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Full genome characterization of a Kenyan G8P[14] rotavirus strain suggests artiodactyl-to-human zoonotic transmission.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- 14 years of rotavirus A surveillance: unusual dominance of equine-like G3P[8] genotype with DS-1-like genotype constellation after the pandemic, Belgium, 2009 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Genetic and Antigenic Variability in VP4 and VP7 of Group A Human Rotavirus in Yunnan, China, from 2015 to 2020.Intervirology · 2025Article
- Identification of Rotavirus Genotypes in Children under Five Years in the United Arab Emirates Using Nanopore Sequencing Technology.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Phylodynamic characteristics of reassortant DS-1-like G3P[8]-strains of rotavirus type A isolated in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia).Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Article
- Classification of group A rotavirus VP7 and VP4 genotypes using random forest.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Genomic epidemiology of the rotavirus G2P[4] strains in coastal Kenya pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction, 2012-8.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Differences in epidemiology of enteropathogens in children pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction in Kilifi, coastal Kenya.Gut pathogens · 2022Article
- Rotavirus Strain Distribution before and after Introducing Rotavirus Vaccine in India.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Multiple Introductions and Predominance of Rotavirus Group A Genotype G3P[8] in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, 4 Years after Nationwide Vaccine Introduction.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Epidemiological Trends of Five Common Diarrhea-Associated Enteric Viruses Pre- and Post-Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Coastal Kenya.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
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Abstract
backgroundKenya introduced the monovalent G1P [8] Rotarix® vaccine into the infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends in rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre- (January 2010-June 2014) and post- (July 2014-December 2018) RVA vaccine introduction.
methodsStool samples were collected from children aged < 13 years from four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic Nairobi, Lwak Mission Hospital, and Siaya County Referral Hospital (children aged < 5 years only). Samples were screened for RVA using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VP7 and VP4 genes sequenced to infer genotypes.
resultsWe genotyped 614 samples in pre-vaccine and 261 in post-vaccine introduction periods. During the pre-vaccine introduction period, the most frequent RVA genotypes were G1P [8] (45.8%), G8P [4] (15.8%), G9P [8] (13.2%), G2P [4] (7.0%) and G3P [6] (3.1%). In the post-vaccine introduction period, the most frequent genotypes were G1P [8] (52.1%), G2P [4] (20.7%) and G3P [8] (16.1%). Predominant genotypes varied by year and site in both pre and post-vaccine periods. Temporal genotype patterns showed an increase in prevalence of vaccine heterotypic genotypes, such as the commonly DS-1-like G2P [4] (7.0 to 20.7%, P < .001) and G3P [8] (1.3 to 16.1%, P < .001) genotypes in the post-vaccine introduction period. Additionally, we observed a decline in prevalence of genotypes G8P [4] (15.8 to 0.4%, P < .001) and G9P [8] (13.2 to 5.4%, P < .001) in the post-vaccine introduction period. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype G1P [8], revealed circulation of strains of lineages G1-I, G1-II and P [8]-1, P [8]-III and P [8]-IV. Considerable genetic diversity was observed between the pre and post-vaccine strains, evidenced by distinct clusters.
conclusionGenotype prevalence varied from before to after vaccine introduction. Such observations emphasize the need for long-term surveillance to monitor vaccine impact. These changes may represent natural secular variation or possible immuno-epidemiological changes arising from the introduction of the vaccine. Full genome sequencing could provide insights into post-vaccine evolutionary pressures and antigenic diversity.
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