ArticleAnnals of diagnostic pathology2020
Cytologic and molecular correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nasopharynx.
Article in Annals of diagnostic pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nasal cytological evidence of chronic inflammation in the olfactory cleft in post-viral olfactory dysfunction.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Observational
- TLR2/NF-κB signaling in macrophage/microglia mediated COVID-pain induced by SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein.iScience · 2024Article
- The differential immune response in mild versus fatal SARS-CoV2 infection.Annals of diagnostic pathology · 2022Article
- The amplification of CNS damage in Alzheimer's disease due to SARS-CoV2 infection.Annals of diagnostic pathology · 2022Article
- Histologic, viral, and molecular correlates of heart disease in fatal COVID-19.Annals of diagnostic pathology · 2022Article
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in thyroid follicular cells from a COVID-19 autopsy series.European thyroid journal · 2022Article
- The SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein disrupts barrier function in anFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Repurposing BCL-2 and Jak 1/2 inhibitors: Cure and treatment of HIV-1 and other viral infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Endothelial cell damage is the central part of COVID-19 and a mouse model induced by injection of the S1 subunit of the spike protein.Annals of diagnostic pathology · 2021Article
- Network pharmacology-based analysis of Zukamu granules for the treatment of COVID-19.European journal of integrative medicine · 2021Article
- Docked severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 proteins within the cutaneous and subcutaneous microvasculature and their role in the pathogenesis of severe coronavirus disease 2019.Human pathology · 2020Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection by SARS-CoV-2 commonly begins in the nasopharynx, and the cytologic and molecular correlates are not characterized. Fifty-eight cytologic preps (20 oral and 38 from the nasopharynx) were obtained from ten patients and analyzed in a blinded fashion for SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope protein by immunohistochemistry and viral RNA by in situ hybridization. qRTPCR identified three positive cases and seven controls; the three cases reported mild symptoms that resolved in 2-3 days. Blinded analyses confirmed the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope proteins and viral RNA in the three cases and viral absence in the seven controls. A signal for the positive cases was evident in each nasopharyngeal and none of the oral samples. Viral RNA/proteins localized exclusively to glandular cells and was present in high copy number. Blinded analysis of the cytology documented that the glandular cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 showed marked degeneration with ciliocytophthoria; viral inclusions were not evident. Co-expression analysis showed viral infected cells had increased apoptosis, marked by strong expression of activated caspase 3. Weekly serial testing of two of the cases showed persistence of productive viral infection for up to 2 weeks after symptom onset. It is concluded that the target cell of SARS-CoV-2 in the head and neck region is the glandular cell of the nasal passages, that viral infection is lytic and associated with high copy number that facilitates viral spread. The method outlines a simple, rapid test for productive SARS-CoV-2 based on immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization of the glandular cells from the nasopharynx.
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