ReviewAllergy2021
SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, skin and immunology - What do we know so far?
Review in Allergy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of skin manifestations in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Cutaneous adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review.Dermatologic therapy · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-related oral mucosa lesions among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 patients: a systematic review.International journal of dermatology · 2022Pooled it
- Short- and potential long-term adverse health outcomes of COVID-19: a rapid review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2020Pooled it
- Skin as a Potential Entry Point for SARS-CoV-2 Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- SKIN AS A POTENTIAL ENTRY POINT FOR SARS-COV-2.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Exploring the Risk Factors of Rosacea Exacerbation Associated with COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Cross-sectional Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Dysregulated autoantibodies targeting AGTR1 are associated with the accumulation of COVID-19 symptoms.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Lipschütz ulcers due to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a neglected diagnosis in emergency room.International journal of women's dermatology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Infection Manifesting with Maculopapular Rash: A Case Report.Acta medica Philippina · 2024Article
- Editorial: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dermatology patients: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- [Sexually transmitted infections under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- TCM "medicine and food homology" in the management of post-COVID disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immunological aspects of COVID-19-related skin manifestations: Revisiting pathogenic mechanism in the light of new evidence.Dermatologic therapy · 2022Review
- Renal, cardiac, neurological, cutaneous and coagulopathic long-term manifestations of COVID-19 after recovery; A review.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and Skin: New Insights and Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Article
- Adamalysins in COVID-19 - Potential mechanisms behind exacerbating the disease.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Cutaneous and systemic hyperinflammation drives maculopapular drug exanthema in severely ill COVID-19 patients.Allergy · 2022Article
- Adverse rare events to vaccines for COVID-19: From hypersensitivity reactions to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The pandemic condition coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory airways leading to dry cough, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, and diarrhea and can end up in interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory failure. Reports about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as such features outside the respiratory sphere, are rapidly emerging. Vesicular, urticarial, and maculopapular eruptions and livedo, necrosis, and other vasculitis forms have been reported most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained, we provide a systematic overview of the skin lesions described in COVID-19 patients, discuss potential causative factors, and describe differential diagnostic evaluations. Moreover, we summarize current knowledge about immunologic, clinical, and histologic features of virus- and drug-induced lesions of the skin and changes to the vascular system in order to transfer this knowledge to potential mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.