ArticlePain reports
Challenges in pain assessment and management among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Article in Pain reports. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating pain-related medication use and contribution to polypharmacy in adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Detection and assessment of postoperative pain in children with cognitive impairment: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of chronic pain among U.S. children with neurodevelopmental disorders.Pain reports · 2026Article
- Assisted cycling in non-ambulant adults with cerebral palsy: exploratory effects and feasibility in residential care.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Postsurgical Pain in Children and Adolescents With Cognitive Dysfunction.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Observational
- Vulnerability and Pediatric Pain.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2026Article
- Procedural Support for Neurodivergent Children During Medical Procedures: A Scoping Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Article
- Digital Approaches to Pain Assessment Across Older Adults: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Experimental Pain Research in Individuals with Intellectual Developmental Disorder: A Scoping Review.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Pain assessment in non-verbal children with neurocognitive impairment: a review on current tools, challenges, and clinical perspectives.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pain Measurement in Infants and Children With and at Risk for Intellectual Disabilities.Paediatric & neonatal pain · 2025Review
- A core outcome set to assess chronic pain interference and impact on emotional functioning for children and young people with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
- Insights From the International Consensus on Neuro-Irritability in Pediatric Palliative Care: Expanding the Known, Challenging the Unknown.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- The impact of learning disabilities on control, management, and outcomes of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UK: an observational cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2025Observational
- Variability in treatment of postoperative pain in children with severe neurologic impairment.Journal of hospital medicine · 2025Article
- Longitudinal evaluation of the oral conditions of individuals with intellectual disabilities attending special Olympics events in Italy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pain experience and perception in individuals with Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Intellectual disability nurses' challenges in medication management in primary health care: A qualitative study.Journal of intellectual disabilities : JOID · 2024Article
- Caregiver Perception of the Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Special Needs: An Exploratory Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Chronic pain in children and young people with cerebral palsy: a narrative review of challenges, advances, and future directions.BMC medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIntellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) include conditions associated with physical, learning, language, behavioural, and/or intellectual impairment. Pain is a common and debilitating secondary condition compromising functional abilities and quality of life.
objectivesThis article addresses scientific and clinical challenges in pain assessment and management in individuals with severe IDD.
methodsThis Clinical Update aligns with the 2019 IASP Global Year Against Pain in the Vulnerable and selectively reviews recurring issues as well as the best available evidence and practice.
resultsThe past decade of pain research has involved the development of standardized assessment tools appropriate for individuals with severe IDD; however, there is little empirical evidence that pain is being better assessed or managed clinically. There is limited evidence available to inform effective pain management practices; therefore, treatment approaches are largely empiric and highly variable. This is problematic because individuals with IDD are at risk of developing drug-related side effects, and treatment approaches effective for other populations may exacerbate pain in IDD populations. Scientifically, we are especially challenged by biases in self-reported and proxy-reported pain scores, identifying valid outcome measures for treatment trials, being able to adequately power studies due to small sample sizes, and our inability to easily explore the underlying pain mechanisms due to compromised ability to self-report.
conclusionDespite the critical challenges, new developments in research and knowledge translation activities in pain and IDD continue to emerge, and there are ongoing international collaborations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.