ReviewFrontiers in immunology
Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of cell therapy for COVID-19: global clinical trial landscape, published safety/efficacy outcomes, cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory role of Nanocurcumin in COVID-19 patients with dropped natural killer cells frequency and function.European journal of pharmacology · 2022Trial
- Identifying SARS-CoV-2 'memory' NK cells from COVID-19 convalescent donors for adoptive cell therapy.Immunology · 2022Trial
- A comprehensive overview of monkeypox virus disease.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Review
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Immune cell disorder in viral pneumonia.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Difference in Lymphocyte Subset Counts According to Disease Severity and SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Reduced spike specific T-cell responses in COVID-19 vaccinated subjects undergoing SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Off-the-shelf allogeneic natural killer cells for the treatment of COVID-19.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Review
- COVID-19: from immune response to clinical intervention.Precision clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications.Virology journal · 2024Review
- Association of KIR Genes with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection in South Koreans.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Clinical Trials of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of COVID 19.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2024Review
- The Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on the Quality of Associated Care in Patients with Gastric Cancer.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2024Review
- Molecular Virology of Orthopoxviruses with Special Reference to Monkeypox Virus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Enhancing the use of natural killer cells as a promising therapy against monkeypox: Mechanisms and implications.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Safety and feasibility study of ex vivo expanded allogeneic-NK cells infusion in patients with acute pneumonia caused by COVID-19.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders critical for viral clearance and immunomodulation. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated. Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities can therefore be inferred from studies assessing NK cell phenotype and function during SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. These studies suggest a reduction in circulating NK cell numbers and/or an exhausted phenotype following infection and hint toward the dampening of NK cell responses by coronaviruses. Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Conversely, in light of data linking inflammation with coronavirus disease severity, it is necessary to examine NK cell potential in mediating immunopathology. A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond in both early and late coronavirus infections, and the implication for ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials. Using this immunological lens, we outline recommendations for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in clearing the virus while preventing the harm of immunopathological responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.