ArticleFrontiers in immunology
Intoxication With Endogenous Angiotensin II: A COVID-19 Hypothesis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID: mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Long COVID as a Tauopathy: Of "Brain Fog" and "Fusogen Storms".International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- ACE2 Receptor and TMPRSS2 Protein Expression Patterns in the Human Brainstem Reveal Anatomical Regions Potentially Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Recent Developments in Protein Lactylation in PTSD and CVD: Novel Strategies and Targets.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2023Review
- The spike effect of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines on blood pressure.European journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Rethinking the Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Pandemic Era of SARS-CoV-2.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Therapeutic advances in COVID-19.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Impaired VEGF-A-Mediated Neurovascular Crosstalk Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: A Potential Hypothesis Explaining Long COVID-19 Symptoms and COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects?Microorganisms · 2022Review
- COVID-19, vaccines and deficiency of ACEEuropean journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- Functional ACE2 deficiency leading to angiotensin imbalance in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Inhibitory Immune Checkpoint Receptors and Ligands as Prognostic Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Host Factors Involved in Mental Disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Jeopardy of COVID-19: Rechecking the Perks of Phytotherapeutic Interventions.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Similarities between COVID-19 and systemic sclerosis early vasculopathy: A "viral" challenge for future research in scleroderma.Autoimmunity reviews · 2021Review
- COVID-19, ferrosenescence and neurodegeneration, a mini-review.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021Review
- ACE2 Down-Regulation May Act as a Transient Molecular Disease Causing RAAS Dysregulation and Tissue Damage in the Microcirculatory Environment Among COVID-19 Patients.The American journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Putative Beneficial Role of Vitamin-D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Endothelial Senescence and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, a COVID-19 Based Hypothesis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the globe. However, despite its high pathogenicity and transmissibility, the severity of the associated disease, COVID-19, varies widely. While the prognosis is favorable in most patients, critical illness, manifested by respiratory distress, thromboembolism, shock, and multi-organ failure, has been reported in about 5% of cases. Several studies have associated poor COVID-19 outcomes with the exhaustion of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, lymphopenia, and elevated serum levels of D-dimer. In this article, we propose a common pathophysiological denominator for these negative prognostic markers, endogenous, angiotensin II toxicity. We hypothesize that, like in avian influenza, the outlook of COVID-19 is negatively correlated with the intracellular accumulation of angiotensin II promoted by the viral blockade of its degrading enzyme receptors. In this model, upregulated angiotensin II causes premature vascular senescence, leading to dysfunctional coagulation, and immunity. We further hypothesize that angiotensin II blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be salutary for COVID-19 patients with critical illness by reversing both the clotting and immune defects (Graphical Abstract).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.