Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32654915›Full record

ArticleVeterinary anaesthesia and analgesia2020

Metabolism, pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic effects of codeine following a single oral administration to horses.

Sophie R Gretler, Carrie J Finno, Daniel S McKemie, Philip H Kass, Heather K Knych

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sophie R GretlerK.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
Carrie J FinnoDepartment of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Daniel S McKemieK.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.
Philip H KassDepartment of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Heather K KnychK.L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Veterinary Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. Electronic address: hkknych@ucdavis.edu.
University of California, Davis · US

Funding

NCATS NIH HHS L40 TR001136
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe the pharmacokinetics and selected pharmacodynamic variables of codeine and its metabolites in Thoroughbred horses following a single oral administration. STUDY

designProspective experimental study. ANIMALS: A total of 12 Thoroughbred horses, nine geldings and three mares, aged 4-8 years.

methodsHorses were administered codeine (0.6 mg kg

resultsCodeine was rapidly converted to the metabolites norcodeine, codeine-6-glucuronide (C6G), morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Plasma codeine concentrations were best represented using a two-compartment model. The C CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Following oral administration, codeine is rapidly metabolized to morphine, M3G, M6G, C6G and norcodeine in horses. Plasma concentrations of M6G, a presumed active metabolite of morphine, were comparable to concentrations reported previously following administration of an analgesic dose of morphine to horses. Codeine was well tolerated based on pharmacodynamic variables and behavioral observations.

Indexed as

Administration, OralAnimalsArea Under CurveCodeineDrug Administration ScheduleFemaleHalf-LifeHorsesMaleCodeinecodeinehorsemetabolismpharmacodynamicspharmacokinetics

Identifiers

PMID32654915
PMCPMC7872472
OpenAlexW3019724601

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.