SynthesisEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2021
Facial nerve monitoring during parotid gland surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring on operative duration in parotidectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Head & face medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in parotidectomy: A systematic review of its predictive value.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of modified facelift incision versus modified Blair incision in parotidectomy.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Image-based and textbook-based virtual reality training on operational skills among junior residents: a proof of concept study.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Facial Nerve Monitoring under Different Levels of Neuromuscular Blockade with Cisatracurium Besilate in Parotid Tumour Surgery.BioMed research international · 2021Trial
- [Update on salivary gland surgery].HNO · 2026Review
- Article
- Mitigating facial nerve injury risks in aesthetic surgery: A narrative review of surgical practices and anatomicsal challenges.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Pilot Study: Precision in Plastic Surgery: Efficacy of Nerve Mapping and Neural Stimulation for Facial Nerve Localization in Permanent Filler Removal.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Article
- Navigating the Labyrinth: A Rare Encounter with an Exceptionally Long Facial Nerve Trunk in Total Parotidectomy: A Case Report.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Intraoperative nerve-specific fluorescence visualization in head and neck surgery: a Phase 1 trial.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring in Submandibular Gland Surgery: A Retrospective Study of a Single Institution.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Surgeon's perceptions on 3D visualization methods in parotid gland tumor surgery.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring during Parotidectomy: The Current Practices and Patterns of the Korean Society of Head and Neck Surgery (KSHNS).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Facial Nerve Injury after Extracapsular Dissection for Benign Parotid Tumors with and without Intraoperative Monitoring: A Retrospective Study of a Single Center.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of Surgeon's Experience and Tumor's Nature in the Use of Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring in Superficial Parotidectomy. Preliminary Results from a Single-Center Retrospective Analysis.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring of the facial nerve predicts postoperative facial palsy in parotid surgery: a prospective study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence-powered intraoperative nerve monitoring: a visionary method to reduce facial nerve palsy in parotid surgery: an editorial.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFacial nerve injury remains the most severe complication of parotid gland surgery. However, the use of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring (IFNM) during parotid gland surgery among Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeons continues to be a matter of debate. MATERIALS AND
methodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted including articles from 1970 to 2019 to try to determine the effectiveness of intraoperative facial nerve monitoring in preventing immediate and permanent postoperative facial nerve weakness in patients undergoing primary parotidectomy. Acceptable studies included controlled series that evaluated facial nerve function following primary parotidectomy with or without intraoperative facial nerve monitoring.
resultsTen articles met inclusion criteria, with a total of 1069 patients included in the final meta-analysis. The incidence of immediate and permanent postoperative weakness following parotidectomy was significantly lower in the IFNM group compared to the unmonitored group (23.4% vs. 38.4%; p = 0.001) and (5.7% vs. 13.6%; p = 0.001) when all studies were included. However, when we analyze just prospective data, we are not able to find any significant difference.
conclusionOur study suggests that IFNM may decrease the risk of immediate post-operative and permanent facial nerve weakness in primary parotid gland surgery. However, due to the low evidence level, additional prospective-randomized trials are needed to determine if these results can be translated into improved surgical safety and improved patient satisfaction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.