ArticleClinical oral investigations2021
Shrinkage vectors in flowable bulk-fill and conventional composites: bulk versus incremental application.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Smear Layer Deproteinization on Gingival Marginal Sealing of Self-Adhesive Flowable Composites: A Micro-CT Study.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Polymerization shrinkage and stress of highly filled flowable resin composites used to perform definitive restorations.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Smart biomaterials in restorative dentistry: Recent advances and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Marginal Quality and Wear of Bulk-Fill Composites: Differences Between Dentitions.The journal of adhesive dentistry · 2025Article
- Marginal integrity and physicomechanical properties of a thermoviscous and regular bulk-fill resin composites.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Article
- New Perspectives in Overcoming Bulk-Fill Composite Polymerization Shrinkage: The Impact of Curing Mode and Layering.Dentistry journal · 2024Article
- Fracture Resistance of Class II MOD Cavities Restored by Direct and Indirect Techniques and Different Materials Combination.Polymers · 2023Article
- Article
- Comparison of polymerization shrinkage of a new bulk-fill flowable composite with other composites: An in vitro study.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
- Current Strategies to Control Recurrent and Residual Caries with Resin Composite Restorations: Operator- and Material-Related Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Influence of restorative material translucency on the chameleon effect.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Microleakage of Direct Restorations-Comparisonbetween Bulk-Fill and Traditional Composite Resins:Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European journal of dentistry · 2021Article
- Light and viscosity effects on the curing potential of bulk-fill composites placed in deep cavities.Odontology · 2021Article
- A Two-Year Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Performance of a Nanohybrid Composite Resin to a Flowable Composite Resin.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2021Article
- Low- and high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites: a comparison of microhardness, microtensile bond strength, and fracture strength in restored molars.Acta odontologica latinoamericana : AOL · 2021Article
- Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Structural and Physical Properties of Resin-Based Dental Composites.Polymers · 2021Article
- One-Year Clinical Performance of the Fast-Modelling Bulk Technique and Composite-Up Layering Technique in Class I Cavities.Polymers · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSufficient depth of cure allows bulk-fill composites to be placed with a 4-mm thickness. This study investigated bulk versus incremental application methods by visualizing shrinkage vectors in flowable bulk-fill and conventional composites. MATERIALS AND
methodsCylindrical cavities (diameter = 6 mm, depth = 4 mm) were prepared in 24 teeth and then etched and bonded with OptiBond FL (Kerr, Italy). The composites were mixed with 2 wt% radiolucent glass beads. In one group, smart dentin replacement (SDR, Dentsply) was applied in bulk "SDR-bulk" (n = 8). In two groups, SDR and Tetric EvoFlow (Ivoclar Vivadent) were applied in two 2-mm-thick increments: "SDR-incremental" and "EvoFlow-incremental." Each material application was scanned with a micro-CT before and after light-curing (40 s, 1100 mW/cm
resultsThe greatest shrinkage vectors were found in "SDR-bulk" and "SDR-increment2," and the smallest were found in "SDR-increment1-covered" and "EvoFlow-increment1-covered." Shrinkage away from and toward the cavity floor was greatest in "SDR-bulk" and "EvoFlow-increment2," respectively. The mean values of the shrinkage vectors were significantly different between groups (one-way ANOVA, Tamhane's T2 test, p < 0.05). The linear polymerization shrinkage and shrinkage stress were greatest in Tetric EvoFlow, and the gelation time was greatest in "SDR-bulk."
conclusionsThe bulk application method had greater values of shrinkage vectors and a higher debonding tendency at the cavity floor. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Incremental application remains the gold standard of composite insertion.
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