ReviewAllergologia et immunopathologia
BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic?
Review in Allergologia et immunopathologia. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- BCG immunization mitigates SARS-CoV-2 replication in macaques via monocyte efferocytosis and neutrophil recruitment in lungs.JCI insight · 2025Article
- The underlying mechanism behind the different outcomes of COVID-19 in children and adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- COVID-19-Related Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mortality.Infectious disease reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Oral and intranasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current progress, prospects, advantages, and challenges.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Relationship between Tuberculin Skin Test and COVID-19 Outcomes among Patients with COVID-19 in Zahedan, Iran.Tanaffos · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Beyond: Exploring Public Health Benefits from Non-Specific Effects of BCG Vaccination.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Relative expression of proinflammatory molecules in COVID-19 patients who manifested disease severities.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- Severity of COVID-19 in bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccinated population.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2021Article
- The Young Age and Plant-Based Diet Hypothesis for Low SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2021Review
- Is the tuberculosis vaccine BCG an alternative weapon for developing countries to defeat COVID-19?The Indian journal of tuberculosis · 2021Article
- Review
- A possible protective role for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy in urinary bladder cancer in the era of COVID-19: a brief report.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2021Article
- The find of COVID-19 vaccine: Challenges and opportunities.Journal of infection and public health · 2021Review
- Background immunity: How important is it for SARS-CoV-2?Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population.Vaccines · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Death and BCG Vaccination Programs Worldwide.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2021Article
- BCG Protection Against COVID-19: Is it Reality or Illusion?Medeniyet medical journal · 2021Article
- Prevention and treatment of COVID-19: Focus on interferons, chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and vaccine.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 is changing with country wise and depend on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections. BCG vaccine induces expressions of the gene that are involved in the antiviral innate immune response against viral infections with long-term maintenance of BCG vaccine-induced cellular immunity. COVID-19 cases are reported very much less in the countries with universal BCG vaccination policies such as India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Israel, Japan, etc. as compared to without BCG implemented countries such as the USA, Italy, Spain, Canada, UK, etc. BCG vaccine provides protection for 50-60 years of immunization, so the elderly population needs to be revaccinated with BCG. Several countries started clinical trials of the BCG vaccine for health care workers and elderly people. BCG can be uses as a prophylactic treatment until the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.