ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2021
Forensic mental health in Europe: some key figures.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using physiological biomarkers in forensic psychiatry: a scoping review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Factors influencing the length of stay in forensic psychiatric settings: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Violence risk assessment instruments in forensic psychiatric populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Forensic mental health service use in early psychosis: A scoping review.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Review
- Ethnic Disparities in Clinical Decision-Making for Rapid Tranquillisation in Adult Forensic Mental Health Inpatient Settings: A Qualitative Study.International journal of mental health nursing · 2026Article
- Mediating role of self-esteem and hope in predicting quality of life among forensic psychiatric patients with homicide offenses.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Improving risk assessment in forensic mental health: Temporal validation and clinical refinement of the FoVOx risk tool.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026Article
- Establishment of an electronic library in forensic psychiatric wards: a survey of its actual use by forensic inpatients.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluating referrals to three urban specialist mental health services for people experiencing homelessness over a 1-year period.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Article
- Behind closed doors: unlocking hospital variations in the use of seclusion and mechanical restraint - a nationwide multilevel analysis in adult mental healthcare in France.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- The role, challenges, and impact of occupational therapists in custodial settings: A scoping review.Australian occupational therapy journal · 2025Article
- Analysing length of stay disparities in inpatient forensic psychiatric care: a cross-sectional study in Czechia.International journal of mental health systems · 2025Article
- Pharmacological treatment and psychiatric polypharmacy in forensic psychiatric care in Sweden.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- People experiencing homelessness requiring psychiatric review in prison, a study of a male and female remand prison over 1 year period.Irish journal of medical science · 2025Article
- Determinants of victimization in patients with severe mental illness: results from a nation-wide cross-sectional survey in the Netherlands.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Characteristics of women admitted to medium secure care: a comparison of patients admitted to specialised single-sex and mixed-sex services in an English forensic psychiatric hospital.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Short stays, high needs: gender disparities in Czech forensic psychiatric inpatient care.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Factors predicting the length of stay in inpatient forensic psychiatric care in Hungary.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The Spanish Adaptation of the Quality in Psychiatric Care-Forensic Inpatient (QPC-FIP) Instrument: Psychometric Properties.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Data resource profile of an online database system for forensic mental health services.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWhile the number of forensic beds and the duration of psychiatric forensic psychiatric treatment have increased in several European Union (EU) states, this is not observed in others. Patient demographics, average lengths of stay and legal frameworks also differ substantially. The lack of basic epidemiological information on forensic patients and of shared indicators on forensic care within Europe is an obstacle to comparative research. The reasons for such variation are not well understood.
methodsExperts from seventeen EU states submitted data on forensic bed prevalence rates, gender distributions and average length of stay in forensic in-patient facilities. Average length of stay and bed prevalence rates were examined for associations with country-level variables including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), expenditure on healthcare, prison population, general psychiatric bed prevalence rates and democracy index scores.
resultsThe data demonstrated substantial differences between states. Average length of stay was approximately ten times greater in the Netherlands than Slovenia. In England and Wales, 18% of patients were female compared to 5% in Slovenia. There was a 17-fold difference in forensic bed rates per 100,000 between the Netherlands and Spain. Exploratory analyses suggested average length of stay was associated with GDP, expenditure on healthcare and democracy index scores.
conclusionThe data presented in this study represent the most recent overview of key epidemiological data in forensic services across seventeen EU states. However, systematically collected epidemiological data of good quality remain elusive in forensic psychiatry. States need to develop common definitions and recording practices and contribute to a publicly available database of such epidemiological indicators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.