ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2020
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Incident Dementia: Direct and Indirect Pathways Through Metabolic Dysfunction.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Air pollution: a latent key driving force of dementia.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Ambient air pollution and clinical dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Exposure to Air Pollution in Relation to Risk of Dementia and Related Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Literature.Environmental health perspectives · 2021Pooled it
- Air Pollution and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Racial and ethnic differences in the impact of air pollution on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.Environment international · 2026Article
- Association between traffic-related air pollution and brain morphology, assessing the olfactory pathway as a mediator.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Air toxics and late-life dementia and cognitive impairment in Mexican Americans.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Challenges in studying air pollution to neurodegenerative diseases.Environmental research · 2025Review
- Leveraging Policy Solutions for Diabetes Disparities: Suggestions for Improving the National Clinical Care Commission Report's Recommendations for Hispanic/Latino Populations.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Atmospheric Pollutants, Cardiometabolic Disorders, and Dementia in Trajectory Analysis: A 13-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Life-course exposure to air pollution and the risk of dementia in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Association of midlife air pollution exposures and residential road proximity with incident dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Air Pollution as an Environmental Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- Associations between toxicity-weighted concentrations and dementia risk: Results from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- An assessment of the mediating role of hypertension in the effect of long-term air pollution exposure on dementia.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- A Long Way from Steubenville: Environmental Epidemiology in a Rapidly Changing World.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the Three-City Montpellier Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Hypertension and Stroke as Mediators of Air Pollution Exposure and Incident Dementia.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Identifying environmental risk factors for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An EHR-based cohort study from the recover program.Environmental advances · 2023Article
- Air pollution and traffic noise interact to affect cognitive health in older Mexican Americans.Environment international · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAmbient air pollution exposure has been associated with dementia. Additionally, epidemiologic evidence supports associations between air pollution and diabetes as well as diabetes and dementia. Thus, an indirect pathway between air pollution and dementia may exist through metabolic dysfunction.
objectiveTo investigate whether local traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) influences incident dementia and cognitive impairment, non-dementia (CIND) in a cohort of older Mexican Americans. We also assess how much of this estimated effect might be mediated through type 2 diabetes (T2DM).
methodsIn a 10-year, prospective study of Latinos (n = 1,564), we generated TRAP-NOx as a surrogate for pollution from local traffic sources at participants' residences during the year prior to enrollment. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling and mediation analysis to estimate the effects of TRAP-NOx on dementia and/or CIND and indirect pathways operating through T2DM.
resultsHigher TRAP-NOx was associated with incident dementia (HR = 1.55 for the highest versus lower tertiles, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.55). Higher TRAP-NOx was also associated with T2DM (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.05); furthermore, T2DM was associated with dementia (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.42, 2.66). Mediation analysis indicated that 20% of the estimated effect of TRAP-NOx on dementia/CIND was mediated through T2DM.
conclusionOur results suggest that exposure to local traffic-related air pollution is associated with incident dementia. We also estimated that 20% of this effect is mediated through T2DM. Thus, ambient air pollution might affect brain health via direct damage as well as through indirect pathways related to diabetes and metabolic dysfunction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.