ArticleJournal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA
Assessing pharmacy-based naloxone access using an innovative purchase trial methodology.
Article in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacy Naloxone Standing Order and Community Opioid Fatality Rates Over Time.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Systemized approach to equipping medical students with naloxone: a student-driven initiative to combat the opioid crisis.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Association of Implementation of Postoverdose Outreach Programs With Subsequent Opioid Overdose Deaths Among Massachusetts Municipalities.JAMA psychiatry · 2023Article
- The policy landscape for naloxone distribution in four states highly impacted by fatal opioid overdoses.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Comparing Projected Fatal Overdose Outcomes and Costs of Strategies to Expand Community-Based Distribution of Naloxone in Rhode Island.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Community-based naloxone coverage equity for the prevention of opioid overdose fatalities in racial/ethnic minority communities in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- If we build it, will they come? Perspectives on pharmacy-based naloxone among family and friends of people who use opioids: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Limited access to pharmacy-based naloxone in West Virginia: Results from a statewide purchase trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Study protocol for the Respond to Prevent Study: a multi-state randomized controlled trial to improve provision of naloxone, buprenorphine and nonprescription syringes in community pharmacies.Substance abuse · 2022Article
- Targeting community-based naloxone distribution using opioid overdose death rates: A descriptive analysis of naloxone rescue kits and opioid overdose deaths in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Considering the Potential Benefits of Over-the-Counter Naloxone.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2021Review
- The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based practices in the HEALing Communities Study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Pharmacy naloxone codispensing: A mixed methods study of practices and perspectives under a statewide standing order program.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
- Pharmacists' experiences with a statewide naloxone standing order program in Massachusetts: a mixed methods study.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMassachusetts was among the first states to allow standing orders to facilitate pharmacy-based naloxone purchases and reduce opioid overdose deaths. We conducted a unique purchase trial to establish a valid measure of standing order naloxone in Massachusetts, using purchasers from 2 high priority populations to determine whether naloxone is less accessible to those who use illicit opioids than other potential purchasers.
designPurchase trial. SETTING AND
participantsThe study used a stratified random sample of 200 chain and independent retail pharmacies across Massachusetts. Each pharmacy underwent 2 purchase attempts-1 by a person who used illicit opioids (PWUIO) and 1 by a potential bystander who did not use illicit opioids but had a relationship with someone at risk of opioid overdose. OUTCOME MEASURE: Successful or unsuccessful naloxone purchase attempt.
resultsOverall, 322 of 397 purchase attempts (81%) were successful, with no statistically significant difference between PWUIO and bystanders (P = 0.221). Most purchases (93%) resulted in the acquisition of single-step nasal naloxone (Narcan; median cost $133.38). Forty percent of the purchases included state-mandated verbal counseling, and PWUIO were significantly less likely to receive counseling than bystanders (30% vs. 51%, P < 0.001). Common reasons for failed purchase were not stocking naloxone (47%), price > $150 (25%), and requiring a prescription (15%). Chain pharmacies were significantly more likely to sell naloxone than independent pharmacies (86% vs. 53%, P < 0.001).
conclusionWe documented high levels of naloxone access for both PWUIO and bystanders, suggesting Massachusetts could serve as a model for states seeking to improve pharmacy-based naloxone access. Additional implementation efforts should focus on expanding availability at independent pharmacies and supporting pharmacies in proactively offering naloxone to PWUIO and other high-risk individuals.
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Registered trials
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