Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32650796›Full record

ArticleAIDS research and therapy2020

Antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Sekota, northeast Ethiopia.

Jemberu Nega, Solomon Taye, Yihenew Million, Chaturaka Rodrigo, Setegn Eshetie

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AIDS research and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Trial
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jemberu NegaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Solomon TayeDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Yihenew MillionDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. millionbeza@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0002-3941-277X
Chaturaka RodrigoDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Setegn EshetieDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, PO Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntiretroviral treatment has played a pivotal role in the reduction of HIV/AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, treatment options can be impaired by the development of antiretroviral treatment failure. Regular monitoring of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus treatment outcome via viral load tests is the key approach. There is a scarcity of information about HIV treatment failure and risk factors in the study area. Therefore, the study was aimed to assess antiretroviral treatment failure and associated factors among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, northeast Ethiopia.

methodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 295 patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment from Nov. 2018 to Apr. 2019. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and blood specimen was collected for PCR viral load and CD4 + cell count estimation. Data were entered into Epi-Info and exported to SPSS for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify associated factors, and P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

resultsOf the 295 subjects on first-line ART, 49 (16.6%) and 18 (6.1%) experienced virological and immunological failures, respectively. The failure of the former was associated with poor adherence (AOR: 6.367, P < 0.001), CD4 + count < 500 cells/µL (AOR: 4.78, P = 0.031) and shorter (6-24 months) duration on ART (AOR: 0.48, P = 0.048), while poor treatment adherence (AOR: 11.51, P = 0.012) and drug interruption (AOR: 6.374, P = 0.039) were the independent risk factors for latter. Immunological tests to predict virological failures showed as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 20.4%, 96.7%, 55.5%, and 86.0%, respectively.

conclusionsThe rate of ART failure was considerably high. Poor adherence, low CD4 + count, prolonged ART, and drug interruption were found to be the most predictor variables for virological and immunological failures. The discrimination power of the immunological parameter was low in comparison to virological measurements as standard methods. Therefore, the study highlighted the need for more attention and efforts to curb associated factors and maximize virological tests for monitoring treatment failures.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsCD4 Lymphocyte CountChildCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaFemaleHIVHIV InfectionsHospitalsHumansMaleMedication AdherenceMiddle AgedRisk FactorsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntiretroviral treatment failureNortheast EthiopiaRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID32650796
PMCPMC7350666

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.