ArticleBMC gastroenterology2020
Frequently abnormal serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity is associated with future development of fatty liver: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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29 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacodynamic effects of direct AMP kinase activation in humans with insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A phase 1b study.Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- Liver fat scores do not reflect interventional changes in liver fat content induced by high-protein diets.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Dietary Characteristics Associated With High Defecation Frequency and Constipation in Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Benefits of an Innovative 90-Day Longevity Workplace Program on Health in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Chronic hepatitis B with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Association between glycemic control and liver fibrosis.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Article
- A Literature Review of Glutathione Therapy in Ameliorating Hepatic Dysfunction in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Investigating the prevalence and associated factors of elevated liver enzymes and dyslipidemia during pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- BMI gain and dietary characteristics are risk factors of MASLD in non-obese individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Elevated GGT to HDL ratio as a marker for the risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between liver function tests abnormalities and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2025Article
- Can Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase Predict All-Cause Mortality in Hypertensive Patients?Cureus · 2024Article
- A New Assessment of Two Transferase-Based Liver Enzymes in Low- and High-Fibrosis Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Dietary characteristics associated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in non-obese Japanese participants: A cross-sectional study.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Article
- Pretreatment gamma-glutamyl transferase predicts mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Use of Machine Learning to Predict Onset of NAFLD in an All-Comers Cohort-Development and Validation in 2 Large Asian Cohorts.Gastro hep advances · 2024Article
- Translation of a Diabetes Remission Service into Australian Primary Care: Findings from the Evaluation of DiRECT-Australia.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Hepatic Toxicity: An Overview.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Review
- Liver fat content assessed by conventional B-mode ultrasound and metabolic profile in non-diabetic patients: Implications for clinical practice.Ultrasound (Leeds, England) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease is characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation. Some individuals frequently present elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels without fatty liver ultrasound images and other abnormal liver enzymes levels. However, whether these individuals are at an elevated risk for developing fatty liver is unclear. We compared fatty liver change rates and risk factors between individuals with frequently elevated GGT levels and those with normal levels.
methodsWe designed a retrospective cohort study on the basis of complete medical checkup records. One group of individuals had presented normal serum GGT levels during the observation period (Normal-GGT group, n = 2713). Another group had had abnormal elevated serum GGT levels frequently (Abnormal-GGT group, n = 264). We determined the fatty liver change incident rates before and after propensity score matching. We explored confounding factors affecting fatty changes in each group using univariate and multivariate Cox models.
resultsThe change incidence rates were 5.80/1000 and 10.02/1000 person-years in the Normal-GGT and Abnormal-GGT groups, respectively. After propensity score matching, the incidence rates were 3.08/1000 and 10.18/1000 person-years in the Normal-GGT and Abnormal-GGT groups, respectively (p = 0.026). The factors associated with fatty liver changes in the Normal-GGT group included body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin, triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar, and high-density lipoprotein levels. Those in the Abnormal-GGT group were platelet counts and TG. In our multivariable analysis, BMI, ALT, albumin, and TG levels were independent predictors of fatty changes in the Normal-GGT group, and high TG level was the only independent predictor in the Abnormal-GGT group.
conclusionsThe incidence rate of fatty liver change in the Abnormal-GGT group was higher than that in the Normal-GGT group. Consecutive elevated GGT levels increase the risk for fatty liver, and high TG levels in those individuals further independently increase the risk.
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