ArticleJournal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)2020
Association of electronic cigarette use with lead, cadmium, barium, and antimony body burden: NHANES 2015-2016.
Article in Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metal in biological samples from electronic cigarette users and those exposed to their second-hand aerosol: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Multi-Omics Assessment of Puff Volume-Mediated Salivary Biomarkers of Metal Exposure and Oxidative Injury Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Review
- Blood Lead Level Is Associated with Visceral Adipose Dysfunction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Smoking is associated with elevated blood level of volatile organic compounds: a population-based analysis of NHANES 2017-2018.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Commentary on the Risk Assessment of Lead by the Food Safety Commission of Japan.Food safety (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Article
- Relationships between ENDS-Related Familial Factors and Oral Health among Adolescents in the United States.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association between Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay-Measured Kidney Injury Markers and Urinary Cadmium Levels in Chronic Kidney Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Critical appraisal of the European Union Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks (SCHEER) Preliminary Opinion on electronic cigarettes.Harm reduction journal · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure of toxic metals from e-cigarette use is a cause for public health concern because youth, young adults, and non-smokers are the target population rapidly adopting e-cigarette use. The purpose of this research is to determine the association of the body burden of heavy metals with e-cigarette use using NHANES (U.S.) 2015-2016 data.
methodsBlood lead (N = 1899) and urinary cadmium, barium, and antimony (N = 1302) data were extracted from NHANES, 2015-2016; geometric means were calculated and bivariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted. Participants were categorized as having neither e-cigarette nor cigarette use; smoking history (including dual use with e-cigarettes); and only e-cigarette (current or former).
resultsIn multivariable analyses adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and poverty levels, current or former e-cigarette use failed to reach a statistical significance in the association with metals. However, participants with a smoking history were more likely to have higher blood lead and urinary cadmium than participants who neither used e-cigarettes nor cigarettes.
conclusionBlood lead levels, and urinary cadmium, barium, and antimony levels were similar between participants who used e-cigarettes and participants who did not.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.