ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2020
Patterns of farm exposure are associated with reduced incidence of atopic dermatitis in early life.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early age of dog exposure is negatively associated with atopic dermatitis: A comprehensive analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Classifying atopic dermatitis: a systematic review of phenotypes and associated characteristics.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- The fetal exposome: cellular and epigenetic programming of neonatal immune function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Phenotypes of Atopic Dermatitis and Development of Allergic Diseases.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Farm exposure is associated with human breast milk immune profile and microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The clinical, mechanistic, and social impacts of air pollution on atopic dermatitis.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Farm animal exposure, respiratory illnesses, and nasal cell gene expression.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Medically Attended Suicidality in Youth Who Live on Farms.Journal of agromedicine · 2024Article
- Longitudinal dynamics of farmer and livestock nasal and faecal microbiomes and resistomes.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Preterm Infant Microbiome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Dairy Farm Work and Protection from Gastrointestinal Illness.Journal of agromedicine · 2023Article
- The influence of early-life animal exposure on the risk of childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: findings from the Danish National Birth Cohort.International journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Environmental Exposures may Hold the Key; Impact of Air Pollution, Greenness, and Rural/Farm Lifestyle on Allergic Outcomes.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Parent perspectives on the benefits and risks of child-livestock interactions.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Cord blood sphingolipids are associated with atopic dermatitis and wheeze in the first year of life.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2022Article
- High Incidence of Atopic Dermatitis among Children Whose Fathers Work in Primary Industry: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Environmental Influences and Allergic Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region: What Will Happen in Next 30 Years?Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2022Review
- Household environmental microbiota influences early-life eczema development.Environmental microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFarm exposures may reduce the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children, but this is controversial and US data are limited.
objectiveThis study was conducted to identify patterns of farm exposure in Wisconsin family farms that modify AD incidence and prevalence in early childhood.
methodsEnvironmental exposures, health history, and clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded for 111 farm families and 129 non-farm families enrolled in the Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort birth cohort study. Exposures from the prenatal and early postnatal (2-month) visits were evaluated together with parental report of AD diagnosis by a health care provider through age 24 months. Latent class analysis was performed with prenatal and early postnatal farm-exposure variables to assign farm children to 3 classes.
resultsOverall, children of farm families had reduced AD incidence (P = .03). Within farm families, exposures including poultry (3% vs 28%; P = .003), pig (4% vs 25%; P = .04), feed grain (13% vs 34%; P = .02), and number of animal species were inversely associated with AD incidence. Among the latent class groups, children in families with diverse or more intense farm exposures (classes A and B) had reduced AD incidence, whereas low-exposure (class C) infants had AD incidence similar to that in nonfarm children.
conclusionsInfants in Wisconsin farm families had reduced AD incidence, and patterns of farm exposures further defined AD risk. These findings suggest that exposure to diverse farm animals, feed, and bedding during the prenatal period and in early infancy reduce the risk of early-onset AD, a phenotype associated with multiple other atopic diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.