ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Atlas of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles Significant for Clinical Imaging.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- OCT-guided angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry for microstructural analysis of the human retina.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Toward Organelle Motility as a Functional Biomarker of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Health.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Photobiomodulation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Framework and Translational Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A model for de novo pigmentation of amelanotic retinal pigment epithelial cells.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy Reveals Loss of RPE Cell Body Polarity in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- AI driven 3D subcellular RPE map discovers cell state transitions in establishment of apical-basal polarity.NPJ artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Hypertransmission and Vision in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Longitudinal Data From ALSTAR2.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The intersection of mitochondria, lipids, and ferroptosis: a new avenue for dry age-related macular degeneration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Retinal Morphology in Successfully Treated Macula-Off Retinal Detachment Based on Semiautomated Layer Quantification of High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Observational
- Using adaptive optics to assess hyporeflective clump speed and size in age-related macular degeneration in the PINNACLE Study. (PINNACLE Study Report 6).Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Total Retinal Pigment Epithelium Thickness and Reflectivity, in Relation to Histology and Vision, at the Aging-AMD Transition: ALSTAR2 Baseline.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Super-Resolution Near-Infrared Autofluorescence Microscopy Depicts Melanin Containing Organelles of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Human Donor Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Subretinal aspects of the optoretinographic response.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- In situ quantification of ribosome number by electron tomography.Journal of microscopy · 2025Article
- Quantitative modeling of rod outer segment phagocytosis and recycling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy, Vision, and Chorioretinal Asymmetries in Aging and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: ALSTAR2.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The Perspective of Using Optical Coherence Tomography in Ophthalmology: Present and Future Applications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Imaging melanin-associated organelles in the retinal pigment epithelium via visible light OCT redshift.Optics letters · 2025Article
- Band Visibility in High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Assessed With a Custom Review Tool and Updated, Histology-Derived Nomenclature.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Near-Infrared Autofluorescence: Early Detection of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Alterations in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To quantify organelles impacting imaging in the cell body and intact apical processes of human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), including melanosomes, lipofuscin-melanolipofuscin (LM), mitochondria, and nuclei. Methods: A normal perifovea of a 21-year-old white male was preserved after rapid organ recovery. An aligned image stack was generated using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy and was annotated by expert readers (TrakEM, ImageJ). Acquired measures included cell body and nuclear volume (n = 17); organelle count in apical processes (n = 17) and cell bodies (n = 8); distance of cell body organelles along a normalized apical-basal axis (n = 8); and dimensions of organelle-bounding boxes in apical processes in selected subsamples of cell bodies and apical processes. Results: In 2661 sections through 17 cells, apical processes contained 65 ± 24 melanosomes in mononucleate (n = 15) and 131 ± 28 in binucleate cells (n = 2). Cell bodies contained 681 ± 153 LM and 734 ± 170 mitochondria. LM was excluded from the basal quartile, and mitochondria from the apical quartile. Lengths of melanosomes, LM, and mitochondria, respectively were 2305 ± 528, 1320 ± 574, and 1195 ± 294 nm. The ratio of cell body to nucleus volume was 4.6 ± 0.4. LM and mitochondria covered 75% and 63%, respectively, of the retinal imaging plane. Conclusions: Among RPE signal sources for optical coherence tomography, LM and mitochondria are the most numerous reflective cell body organelles. These and our published data show that most melanosomes are in apical processes. Overlapping LM and previously mitochondria cushions may support multiple reflective bands in cell bodies. This atlas of subcellular reflectivity sources can inform development of advanced optical coherence tomography technologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.