ArticlePain and therapy2020
Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for the Acute Treatment of Migraine in Patients with Chronic Migraine: An Open-Label Pilot Study.
Article in Pain and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of Nerivio™, a Remote Electrical Neuromodulation Device, for Acute Treatment of Migraine in People With Chronic Migraine: an Open Label, Single Arm, Multicenter Study
Real-world Analysis of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for the Acute Treatment of Migraine
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of remote electrical neuromodulation in migraine: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The ENKCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- A Real-World Evidence Study on US Patients Demonstrating Safety of High-Frequency Use of the Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) Wearable Device for Migraine Treatment.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Practice-Based Consensus Amongst Indian Neurologists: Adopting Remote Electrical Neuromodulation for Effective Management of Migraine.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- The Mechanism of Action of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) in Treating Migraine and Potentially Other Idiopathic Pain Conditions.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Non-Invasive Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Headache.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Efficacy of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) on Migraine-Induced Neuronal Activity: A Systematic Review.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2025Article
- Neuromodulation in Chronic Migraine: Evidence and Recommendations from the GRADE Framework.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Update on Neuromodulation for Migraine and Other Primary Headache Disorders: Recent Advances and New Indications.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Neuromodulation for Headache Management in Pregnancy.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Chronic Migraine.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Migraine: from pathophysiology to treatment.Journal of neurology · 2023Review
- Novel Migraine Treatments: A ReviewJournal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2023Review
- Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for the Acute Treatment of Menstrual Migraine: a Retrospective Survey Study of Effectiveness and Tolerability.Pain and therapy · 2021Article
- Update of Neuromodulation in Chronic Migraine.Current pain and headache reports · 2021Review
- Non-Pharmacological Approaches to Headaches: Non-Invasive Neuromodulation, Nutraceuticals, and Behavioral Approaches.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Real-World Analysis of Remote Electrical Neuromodulation (REN) for the Acute Treatment of Migraine.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRemote electrical neuromodulation (REN) is a novel acute treatment of migraine. Upper arm peripheral nerves are stimulated to induce conditioned pain modulation (CPM)-an endogenous analgesic mechanism in which conditioning stimulation inhibits pain in remote body regions. The REN device (Nerivio
methodsThis was an open-label, single-arm, dual-center study conducted on adults with chronic migraine. Participants underwent a 4-week treatment phase in which they treated their migraine headaches with the device for 45 min within 1 h of attack onset. Pain levels were recorded at baseline, 2 h, and 24 h post-treatment. Efficacy outcomes (pain relief and pain-free responses at 2 h, sustained pain relief and sustained pain-free responses at 24 h) focused on intra-individual consistency of response across multiple attacks, which was defined as response in at least 50% of the treatments.
resultsForty-two participants were enrolled, and 38 participants were evaluable for analyses; 73.7% (28/38) achieved pain relief at 2 h, 26.3% (10/38) were pain-free at 2 h, 84.4% (27/32) had sustained pain relief response at 24 h and 45.0% (9/20) had sustained pain relief response at 24 h in at least 50% of their treated attacks. The effects of REN on associated symptoms and improvement in function were also consistent. The incidence of device-related adverse events was low (1.8%).
conclusionsREN used for a series of migraine attacks was effective and well tolerated across attacks. REN may offer a safe and effective non-pharmacological alternative for acute treatment in patients with chronic migraine.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT04161807. Retrospectively registered on November 13, 2019.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.