ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2020
The relationship between estrogen-induced phenotypic transformation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors Influencing Disease Onset and Surgical Outcomes in Moyamoya Disease.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- Genome wide DNA methylation and transcriptome integration analysis reveals potential markers in type A aortic dissection pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Serum response factor is essential for endometrial function and prevention of inflammatory fibrosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanism underlying cardioprotective effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis in human vascular smooth muscle cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The Estrogen-Autophagy Axis: Insights into Cytoprotection and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer and Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Hormonal influence: unraveling the impact of sex hormones on vascular smooth muscle cells.Biological research · 2024Review
- The Role of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER) in Vascular Pathology and Physiology.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Non-genomic Effect of Estradiol on the Neurovascular Unit and Possible Involvement in the Cerebral Vascular Accident.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Estrogen receptorFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Blackcurrant (Nutrients · 2021Article
- Toll-Like Receptors Represent an Important Link for Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Aging and Diseases.Frontiers in aging · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo explore the effect of estrogen on human cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to clarify the molecular mechanism of estrogen inhibition of VSMC proliferation, which could provide an important reference basis for the clinical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
methodFirstly, the effects of different concentrations of estradiol and estrogen receptor (ESR) blocker (tamoxifen) on the proliferation of human VSMCs and the expression of estrogen-related receptor gene (ESR: ESR1, ESR2, GPER), myocardin (MYOCD), serum reaction factor (SRF), and apoptosis gene caspase-3 were measured to discover the effect and mechanism of tamoxifen on the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs. Secondly, the effects of estradiol on human VSMCs treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) were observed by measuring the expression of vascular smooth muscle markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), SM22α, FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4.
resultsEstradiol inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs by upregulating the expression of ESR1, ESR2, and GPER and downregulating the expression of caspase-3, MYOCD, and SRF, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle. At the same time, tamoxifen had opposite effects. Angiotensin II decreased the expression of α-SMA and SM22α and promoted the expression of FLN, MCP-1, and TLR4 protein, while estrogen had the opposite effects.
conclusionsEstrogen suppresses apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of human VSMCs and preventing it from changing from contractile to synthetic. Estrogen can further prevents vascular damage and regulate peripheral inflammatory reaction, thereby producing a protective effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular.
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