ReviewCancers2020
BRAF Inhibitors: Molecular Targeting and Immunomodulatory Actions.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 166 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual-MEK Inhibitor Atebimetinib Displays Broad Activity in RAS- and RAF-Mutant Tumors via Deep Cyclic Inhibition and Resisting RAF Bypass.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Multifunctional biohybrid nanoplatform interferes electron transport chain amplifying mitochondrial metabolism-mediated anti-tumor therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- An inhibitor of GCN2 and the integrated stress response directly targets ZAK protein kinase to limit cytotoxicity.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Review
- The role of galectins in modulating the tumor microenvironment and driving metastasis in skin cancers.Biological research · 2026Review
- Development of new liposomal formulations of quercetin - in vitro study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Cost of Genomic Testing for Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- Investigating the Synergistic Effect of the Cannabis Extract PHEC-66 and Chemotherapeutic Agents on Human Melanoma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: exploring immunomodulatory effects on various immune cell types in cancer.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Epigenetic Modulators and Immunotherapy in Malignant Melanoma.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Common oncogenic mutations in colorectal cancer: drivers of carcinogenesis and potential therapeutic targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Genomic innovations in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and precision therapeutics.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- 27-Hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and drug resistance.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Melanoma in Women of Reproductive Age: From Awareness and Prevention to Pregnancy-Associated Management.Cancers · 2025Review
- Oncogenic B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase-mediated hedgehog signalling in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of melanoma.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- MAPK activity as a surrogate of acral melanoma immunogenicity?Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Article
- BRAF mutations in ovarian cancer: immune microenvironment and therapeutic advances.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Review
- Novel therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Molecular-targeted therapy in ameloblastoma: a systematic review.Archives of craniofacial surgery · 2025Article
- Association of gut microbiota and immune gene expression with response to targeted therapy in BRAF mutated melanoma.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib, dabrafenib and encorafenib are used in the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. They selectively target BRAF kinase and thus interfere with the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway that regulates the proliferation and survival of melanoma cells. In addition to their molecularly targeted activity, BRAF inhibitors have immunomodulatory effects. The MAPK pathway is involved in T-cell receptor signalling, and interference in the pathway by BRAF inhibitors has beneficial effects on the tumour microenvironment and anti-tumour immune response in BRAF-mutant melanoma, including increased immune-stimulatory cytokine levels, decreased immunosuppressive cytokine levels, enhanced melanoma differentiation antigen expression and presentation of tumour antigens by HLA 1, and increased intra-tumoral T-cell infiltration and activity. These effects promote recognition of the tumour by the immune system and enhance anti-tumour T-cell responses. Combining BRAF inhibitors with MEK inhibitors provides more complete blockade of the MAPK pathway. The immunomodulatory effects of BRAF inhibition alone or in combination with MEK inhibition provide a rationale for combining these targeted therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Available data support the synergy between these treatment approaches, indicating such combinations provide an additional beneficial effect on the tumour microenvironment and immune response in BRAF-mutant melanoma.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.