Trial reportNutrients2020
Comparison of Two Dietary Supplements for Treatment of Uric Acid Renal Lithiasis: Citrate vs. Citrate + Theobromine.
Trial report in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progress in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis: Insights into Pathways and Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cell death‑related molecules and targets in the progression of urolithiasis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2024Review
- 7-Methylxanthine Inhibits the Formation of Monosodium Urate Crystals by Increasing Its Solubility.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Efficacy of Theobromine and Its Metabolites in Reducing the Risk of Uric Acid Lithiasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Investigations on melamine-based uric acid kidney stone formation and its prevention by inhibitors.Urolithiasis · 2023Article
- The power of desktop scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis for analyzing urinary stones.Urolithiasis · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUric acid (UA) renal lithiasis has a high rate of recurrence and a prevalence ranging from 10% and 15%, depending on the population. The most important etiological factor is persistence of urinary pH below 5.5 and one of the most common treatments is alkalization with citrate. Recent studies demonstrated that theobromine, which is abundant in chocolate and cocoa, is a potent inhibitor of UA crystallization.
aimThe aim was to compare the efficacy of citrate versus citrate + theobromine as treatment for UA lithiasis.
methodsThis randomized cross-over trial investigated the efficacy of two treatments in 47 patients with UA renal lithiasis. Urine volume, pH, UA excretion, theobromine excretion, and risk of UA crystallization (RUAC) at baseline and at the end of each intervention period were measured.
resultsEach treatment significantly reduced the risk of UA crystallization compared to basal values. The RUAC after citrate + theobromine was lower than the RUAC after citrate, although this difference was not statistically significant.
conclusionThe combined consumption of citrate and theobromine may be a promising strategy for the prevention of UA kidney stones.
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