ReviewInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020
Focus on Data: Statistical Design of Experiments and Sample Size Selection Using Power Analysis.
Review in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Effect of Digital Literacy Training on Physical Activity App Acceptance and Behavioral Intentions Among Older Women: An Experimental Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Symmetry in the Enlargement Rates of Large Hypertransmission Defects between Eyes in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Investigating Wearable Sensor Placement for Heat Risk Monitoring of Firefighters: A Skin-Ear Temperature Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Reliability and precision of thermal imaging measurements to study animal behaviour and welfare.PeerJ · 2026Article
- An 11-Year (2012-2022) review of Journal of Athletic Training publication study designs and sample sizes.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Power analysis for concurrent balanced or imbalanced multiple-intervention stepped wedge design: a simulation-based approach.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- ChatGPT's Influence on Dental Education: Methodological Challenges and Ethical Considerations.International dental journal · 2025Article
- See what I mean? Reading visual verbs modulates ocular dynamics.Language, cognition and neuroscience · 2025Article
- Lifecycle DoE-The Companion for a Holistic Development Process.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Exploring the Role of MicroRNAs in Progesterone and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Endometriosis.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Tutorial on Biostatistics: Sample Size and Power Calculation for Ophthalmic Studies With Correlated Binary Eye Outcomes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Recognizing Patterns of Nature Contact Associated with Well-Being: An Exploratory Cluster Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Subclinical Keratoconus Detection and Characterization Using Motion-Tracking Brillouin Microscopy.Ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Simulation-Based Analysis of Trial Design in Regional Anesthesia.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2024Article
- Motion-Tracking Brillouin Microscopy Evaluation of Normal, Keratoconic, and Post-Laser Vision Correction Corneas.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Validity and reliability of the Arabic sedentary behavior questionnaire among university students aged between 18-30 years old.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Is there any relation between arterial stiffness and insomnia? A challenging question.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2022Article
- A Strong Correlation Between the Severity of Flatfoot and Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis in 95 Patients.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Article
- The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in the Malignant Pancreatic Cyst Neoplasm Diagnosis and Prognosis.Cancer management and research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: To provide information to visual scientists on how to optimally design experiments and how to select an appropriate sample size, which is often referred to as a power analysis. Methods: Statistical guidelines are provided outlining good principles of experimental design, including replication, randomization, blocking or grouping of subjects, multifactorial design, and sequential approach to experimentation. In addition, principles of power analysis for calculating required sample size are outlined for different experimental designs and examples are given for calculating power and factors influencing it. Results: The interaction between power, sample size and standardized effect size are shown. The following results are also provided: sample size increases with power, sample size increases with decreasing detectable difference, sample size increases proportionally to the variance, and two-sided tests, without preference as to whether the mean increases or decreases, require a larger sample size than one-sided tests. Conclusions: This review outlines principles for good experimental design and methods for power analysis for typical sample size calculations that visual scientists encounter when designing experiments of normal and non-Gaussian sample distributions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.