Trial reportPloS one2020
Medium-term outcomes of sacral neuromodulation in patients with refractory overactive bladder: A retrospective single-institution study.
Trial report in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sacral and Implantable Tibial Neuromodulation for the Management of Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of different types of therapy for overactive bladder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Predictive Factors in Sacral Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review.Urologia internationalis · 2022Pooled it
- Reprogramming Sacral Neuromodulation for Sub-Optimal Outcomes: Evidence and Recommendations for Clinical Practice.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Pooled it
- Invasive urodynamic investigations in the management of women with refractory overactive bladder symptoms: FUTURE, a superiority RCT and economic evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2025Trial
- Two-Year Efficacy and Safety Outcomes of the Pivotal OASIS Study Using the Revi System for Treatment of Urgency Urinary Incontinence.The Journal of urology · 2025Trial
- Sacral Neuromodulation for Refractory Overactive Bladder: Closing the Gaps in Anatomy, Mechanisms, and Parameter Selection.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Revision and Explantation After Permanent Sacral Neuromodulation for Overactive Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Surgical Management of Urinary-Symptom-Dominant Endometriosis: Addressing Persistent Voiding Dysfunction and Pelvic Floor Factors.International urogynecology journal · 2026Review
- Factors Contributing to Sacral Neuromodulation Revision: A Single-Center Study.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Long-term cost-effectiveness of invasive urodynamic studies for overactive bladder in women.BJU international · 2025Article
- Sacral neuromodulation in the golden years: Treatment outcomes in elderly 75 years and older.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2024Article
- Spinal Cord Stimulation for Intractable Visceral Pain Originating from the Pelvic and Abdominal Region: A Narrative Review on a Possible New Indication for Patients with Therapy-Resistant Pain.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Physical Agent-Based Treatments for Overactive Bladder: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Overactive Bladder: Mechanism, Classification, and Management Outlines.Parkinson's disease · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a minimally invasive fully reversible therapy that was approved in 1997 for overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) refractory to behavior modification and pharmacotherapy. Despite being in use for over two decades, the data on medium to long-term safety and efficacy of SNM in OAB is limited. We investigated the medium-term efficacy and safety of SNM along with the predictive factors for its success in patients with refractory OAB.
methodsA retrospective consecutive case series of 66 patients undergoing SNM for refractory OAB between July 2009 and July 2018. All patients underwent a test period followed by permanent implantation, if there was > = 50% improvement in any symptom. The primary outcome was "success" defined as > = 50% improvement in any clinical parameter based on the subjective assessment of patient's response. The secondary outcomes were number of pads used in 24 hours, post-operative complications and re-operation rates.
results66 females with an average age of 62.7 years were included. 55/66 patients (83.3%) had a successful test phase and underwent permanent implantation. After a median follow-up of 32 months, SNM was successful in 41/55 (74.5%) patients. Mean number of pads used in 24 hours decreased significantly from 3.5 preoperatively to 1.2 at last follow-up (p<0.001). 8/55 (14.5%) patients reported complications of pain, lead migration, wound dehiscence and device malfunction. 10/55 (18.2%) patients underwent revision surgeries after a median duration of 21.9 months. Device was explanted in 15/55 (27.3%) patients after a median duration of 24 months. No significant predictor for success was identified.
conclusionsThe success rate of SNM is 75% with a complication rate of 14.5% after a median follow-up of ~3 years. This study suggests medium-term efficacy and safety but a high re-operation rate of SNM in patients with refractory OAB.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.