ArticleJCI insight2020
Insulin synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus regulates pituitary growth hormone production.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Interaction Between Insulin Resistance and Neuroinflammation in the Brain and Its Impact on Diabetic Encephalopathy.Biology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal-derived neural progenitors underlie localbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate Limits Inflammatory-Degenerative Changes in the Hypothalamus and Corrects Disturbances in the Circadian Rhythm of Corticosterone Secretion in Aged Rats.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Intranasal insulin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder: design and methodology of an alcohol interaction randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2025Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exacerbates Pathological Processes of Parkinson's Disease: Insights from Signaling Pathways Mediated by Insulin Receptors.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- The Role of Oxytocin Neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus in Chronic-Sleep-Deprivation-Mediated Abnormal Cardiovascular Responses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Type 3 diabetes and metabolic reprogramming of brain neurons: causes and therapeutic strategies.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- A brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety for nutrient-specific feeding inhibition.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Hypothalamus and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- The Expression of Insulin in the Central Nervous System: What Have We Learned So Far?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Silencing of hypothalamic FGF11 prevents diet-induced obesity.Molecular brain · 2022Article
- Beta-cell specific Insr deletion promotes insulin hypersecretion and improves glucose tolerance prior to global insulin resistance.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Review
- Insulin action in the brain regulates both central and peripheral functions.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- [The role of glucose and insulin in the metabolic regulation of growth hormone secretion].Problemy endokrinologii · 2021Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence has mounted that insulin can be synthesized in various brain regions, including the hypothalamus. However, the distribution and functions of insulin-expressing cells in the hypothalamus remain elusive. Herein, we show that in the mouse hypothalamus, the perikarya of insulin-positive neurons are located in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and their axons project to the median eminence; these findings define parvocellular neurosecretory PVN insulin neurons. Contrary to corticotropin-releasing hormone expression, insulin expression in the PVN was inhibited by restraint stress (RS) in both adult and young mice. Acute RS-induced inhibition of PVN insulin expression in adult mice decreased both pituitary growth hormone (Gh) mRNA level and serum GH concentration, which were attenuated by overexpression of PVN insulin. Notably, PVN insulin knockdown or chronic RS in young mice hindered normal growth via the downregulation of GH gene expression and secretion, whereas PVN insulin overexpression in young mice prevented chronic RS-induced growth retardation by elevating GH production. Our results suggest that in both normal and stressful conditions, insulin synthesized in the parvocellular PVN neurons plays an important role in the regulation of pituitary GH production and body length, unveiling a physiological function of brain-derived insulin.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.