Interparticle Molecular Exchange of Surface Chemical Components of Native High-Density Lipoproteins to Complementary Nanoparticle Scaffolds.

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are constitutionally dynamic nanoparticles that circulate in the blood. The biological functions of HDLs are impacted by interchangeable surface chemical components, like cholesterol and HDL-associated proteins. Current methods to quantify the chemical constituents of HDL are largely restricted to clinical or academic laboratories and require expensive instrumentation, and there is no commonality to the techniques required to detect and quantify different analytes (e.g., cholesterol versus HDL-associated protein). To potentially facilitate and streamline the analysis of HDL composition, we hypothesized that mixing native HDLs with similarly sized gold nanoparticles whose surfaces are endowed with phospholipids, called complementary nanoparticle scaffolds (CNS), would enable interparticle exchange of surface components. Then, easy isolation of the newly formed particles could be accomplished using benchtop centrifugation for subsequent measurement of HDL components exchanged to the surface of the CNS. As proof-of-concept, data demonstrate that CNS incubated with only a few microliters of human serum rapidly (1 h) sequester cholesterol and HDL-associated proteins with direct correlation to native HDLs. As such, data show that the CNS assay is a single platform for rapid isolation and subsequent detection of the surface components of native HDLs.