ReviewTobacco induced diseases2020
Smoking, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A review of reviews considering implications for public health policy and practice.
Review in Tobacco induced diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of smoking in COVID-19 progression: a comprehensive meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19: a living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses (version 7).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis: the effect of active cancer treatment on severity of COVID-19.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2020Pooled it
- The Effect of Smoking on COVID-19 Symptom Severity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pulmonary medicine · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of Smoking on Household SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- COVID-19 vaccination lowers SARS-CoV-2 infection risk independent of diabetes, cancer and smoking in SHIP-COVID cohort, Northern Germany.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Quality Among Young Adults in Turkiye: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2025Article
- Repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 on the Sexual Function in Males: An Updated Review.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Protecting effects of smoking against COVID-19: a community-based retrospective cohort study in middle- and older-aged adults.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination Adverse Events in Children: An Investigation with a Control Group in Tabriz Metropolitan City.Archives of Razi Institute · 2024Observational
- Eye Washing Downregulated Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Conjunctival Tissue Samples from Smokers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Current tobacco use and COVID-19 diagnoses in a cohort of adult clients of public dental clinics in Sweden.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dual and poly-use of novel and conventional nicotine and tobacco product use in Europe: Challenges for population health, regulatory policies, and the ways ahead.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic increased poor lifestyles and worsen mental health: a systematic review.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- Effects of Smoking on COVID-19 Management and Mortality: An Umbrella Review.Journal of smoking cessation · 2023Review
- Exposure to IQOS ads and reduced exposure claims, and association with perceived risk from COVID-19 on IQOS purchase and use intentions: results from a web-based survey.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Men smoke less under the COVID-19 closure policies: The role of altruism.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 seroprevalence across England in the Oxford RCGP primary care sentinel network.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThere has been significant speculation regarding the association between the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and smoking. We provide an overview of the available literature regarding the association between smoking, risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and risk of severe COVID-19 and poor clinical outcomes, with the aim of informing public health policy and practice, particularly in England.
methodsPublications were identified utilising a systematic search approach on PUBMED and Google Scholar. Publications presenting a systematic review or meta-analysis considering the association between smoking and SARS-COV-2 infection or COVID-19 outcomes were included.
resultsEight studies were identified. One considered the relationship between smoking and the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection, three considered the association between COVID-19 hospitalisation and smoking history, and six reviewed the association between smoking history and development of severe COVID-19. One study specifically investigated the risk of mortality. The studies considering risk of severe disease indicate that there is a significant association between COVID-19 and current or ever smoking.
conclusionsThis is a rapidly evolving topic. Current analysis remains limited due to the quality of primary data, although, early results indicate an association between smoking and COVID-19 severity. We highly recommend public health messaging to continue focusing on smoking cessation efforts.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.