ArticleJCI insight2020
Organogenesis and distribution of the ocular lymphatic vessels in the anterior eye.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty versus descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty following glaucoma filtering surgery: clinical outcomes and immunologic considerations.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Rescue of conjunctival lymphatics after mitomycin C induced inhibition in rat eyes: An experimental study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Identification and Mapping of a Posterior Ocular Lymphatic Outflow (POLO) Pathway Through Choroidal Lymphatics.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Tracer Techniques in Ophthalmology: Ocular Applications and Systemic Connections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ocular Lymphatics in Health and Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Quantitative gonioscopic assessment of anterior chamber angle remodeling using the spaeth classification after Schlemm's canal-based MIGS (3T) in POAG: a one-year retrospective study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Prox1 Protein in Corneal Limbal Lymphatic Vessels Maintains Limbal Stem Cell Stemness and Regulates Corneal Injury Repair.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Advances in the Understanding of ocular and nasal lymphatics.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- Inhibiting corneal transplantation rejection via lymphatic vessel ligation in a novel murine model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A detailed survey of the murine limbus, its stem cell distribution, and its boundaries with the cornea and conjunctiva.Stem cells translational medicine · 2024Article
- Alkali injury-induced pathological lymphangiogenesis in the iris facilitates the infiltration of T cells and ocular inflammation.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Cytokines in Allergic Conjunctivitis: Unraveling Their Pathophysiological Roles.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- The role of vascular and lymphatic networks in bone and joint homeostasis and pathology.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Extracellular matrix molecules associated with lymphatic vessels in health and disease.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Ontogenesis of the Mouse Ocular Surface Lymphatic Vascular Network.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Clinical and Optical Coherence Tomography Evidence of Aqueous Humor Flow from the Suprachoroidal Space to Conjunctival Lymphatics.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Posterior corneoscleral limbus: Architecture, stem cells, and clinical implications.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
- Differential roles of FOXC2 in the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal in glaucomatous pathology.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Glaucoma surgeries, such as trabeculectomy, are performed to lower intraocular pressure to reduce risk of vision loss. These surgeries create a new passage in the eye that reroutes the aqueous humor outflow to the subconjunctival space, where the fluid is presumably absorbed by the conjunctival lymphatics. Here, we characterized the development and function of the ocular lymphatics using transgenic lymphatic reporter mice and rats. We found that the limbal and conjunctival lymphatic networks are progressively formed from a primary lymphatic vessel that grows from the nasal-side medial canthus region at birth. This primary lymphatic vessel immediately branches out, invades the limbus and conjunctiva, and bidirectionally encircles the cornea. As a result, the distribution of the ocular lymphatics is significantly polarized toward the nasal side, and the limbal lymphatics are directly connected to the conjunctival lymphatics. New lymphatic sprouts are produced mainly from the nasal-side limbal lymphatics, posing the nasal side of the eye as more responsive to fluid drainage and inflammatory stimuli. Consistent with this polarized distribution of the ocular lymphatics, a higher drainage efficiency was observed in the nasal side than the temporal side of the eye when injected with a fluorescent tracer. In contrast, blood vessels are evenly distributed at the anterior surface of the eyes. Also, we found that these distinct vascular distribution patterns were conserved in human eyes. Together, our study demonstrated that the ocular surface lymphatics are more densely present in the nasal side and uncovered the potential clinical benefits in selecting the nasal side as a glaucoma surgery site to improve fluid drainage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.